INDEX, 
597 
Epileptic fits, 473. 
Epithelium, structure of, 40 ; action of, 
in secretion, 41, 42, 355. 
Eunice, 314. 
Eustachian tube, 516, 517. 
Evaporation from surface, 370—373; 
cooling effects of, 372, 373. 
Excretion, objects of, 345—351; mate¬ 
rials of, formed in the blood, 351; effects 
of retention of, 351. 
Exhalation of moisture from the lungs, 
343 ; from the skin, 371—374;*amount 
of, 374. 
Eye, an optical instrument, 532, 543— 
553; structure of, in Man, 533—536; 
muscles of, 538; motions of, 538, 539; 
aberration corrected in, 547, 549 ; 
adaptation of to distance, 550, 551; 
limits of vision by, 554; common sen¬ 
sibility of, 571; long and near-sighted, 
552, 553; peculiar structure of, in 
Articulata, 573—575 ; deficient in some 
Vertebrata, 572; rudiments of, in the 
lower animals, 575. 
Eyelids, uses of, 537. 
F. 
Face, bones of, 690—623; muscles of, 
624. 
Facial angle, 719, 720. 
Fat, structure and uses of, 46,412; de¬ 
position of, 157, 162; of blood, 232, 
241. 
Fatigue, sense of, 595. 
Fertilization of ovum, 732, 734, 736. 
Fibre, muscular (see Muscular Fibre). 
Fibres, of nerves (see Nerves ). 
Fibrin, composition and properties of, 
17,18; uses of in blood, 236—240. 
Fibrous membranes, 29. 
■-- tissues, general uses of, 12; for¬ 
mation of, 22; general characters of, 
22—30; nutrition of, 384, 390. 
Fibro-cartilages, 47. 
Fins of fishes, 666. 
Fire-flies, 397. 
Fishes, general structure of, 88—91; 
teeth of, 188; circulation in, 286 ; re¬ 
spiration in, 317, 318; air-bladder of, 
324; luminousness of, 396; heat of, 
405 ; electricity of, 419—424; nervous 
system of, 453 ; organs of smell of, 
509 ; vertebral column of, 629, 630; 
movements of, 666, 667; reproduction 
of, 754, 755, 759. 
Fission, multiplication of cells by, 33; 
of Infusoria by, 135, 725. 
Flea, leaping powers of, 594, 662. 
Flesh-fly, voracity of larva of, 141. 
Flight, action of, 667—672; impossible 
in Man, 673. 
Flying Fish, 667. 
- Lemur, 668. 
Flying Phalanger, 668. 
- Squirrel, 668. 
Follicles, of mucous membrane, 41. 
- of glands, 42, 355, 356. 
Food of Animals, 7, 8; derived from 
Plants, 144—147; from Animals, 148— 
150; chemical nature of, 153, 154, 164; 
mineral ingredients of, 166, 167. 
- demand for, 140, 141; economy 
of, 165. 
Food-yolk, 736, 752, 754. 
Foot, structure of, 648, 649. 
Foraminifera , 128, 131. 
Freezing of animal bodies, 67, 405. 
Frog tribe, 86, 87 ; blood-discs of, 230 ; 
metamorphosis of, 86, 87; change of 
circulating system in, 287—289; respi¬ 
ration of, 325; experiments on nervous 
system of, 466, 468 ; eggs of, 755 ; de¬ 
velopment of, 756. 
Fulgoridce, luminousness of, 400; sound 
emitted by, 679. 
Functions of living beings, 2; nutritive, 
6; animal, 6; relation of organic and 
animal, 425—427. 
G. 
Gall-bladder, 362. 
Galloping, 660. 
Galvanic electricity, discovery of, 583. 
Ganglia, 61 (see Nervous System ). 
- of special sense, functions of, 
475—479. 
- olfactive and optic, 453—456. 
Gases, poisonous, 335, 344. 
Gasteropoda, 107, 108,112; palate of, 
189 ; circulation in, 290; respiration in, 
316; nervous system of, 438; develop¬ 
ment of, 752. 
Gastric follicles, 204. 
- juice, 204; properties of, 207— 
210; artificial, 210. 
Gavial, teeth of, 186. 
Gelatin, chemical compostion of, 19 ; 
use of as food, 159; present in blood, 
380. 
Gelatinous nerve-fibres, 60. 
- principles of food, 153; des¬ 
tination of, 159. 
Gemmation , multiplication by, of Plants, 
724; of Infusoria, 725; of Zoophytes, 
726; of Medusae, 726, 741 ; of Echiro- 
dermata, 726, 741; of Articulata, 7i7 , 
744; of Mollusca, 728; of Vertebrata, 
729 ; antagonism of, to Generation, 
735; (see Agamic Reproduction.) 
Gemmules of polypes, 738. 
Generation, sexual, essential nature 
of, 730—733; anragonism of, to gem¬ 
mation, 735 ; simplest form of, 734. 
Germ-cells of plants, 724; of animals, 
732. 
Germ-yolk, 736, 752, 754. 
