600 
INDEX. 
Mastication, 171, 174—189. 
Mastodon, teeth of, 182. 
Measles of pork, 742. 
Medulla oblongata, 450, 460. 
Medusce, 120; development of, 125, 740 ; 
circulation in, 296; rhythmical move¬ 
ments of, 578; gemmation of, 726. 
Membrana Tympani, 516. 
Membrane, basement or primary, 31. 
Membranes, fibrous, 29 ; serous, 28, 43; 
mucous, 39—41. 
Mesentery, 217. 
Mesenteric glands, 217. 
Metamorphosis of Frog tribe, 86, 87. 
-- Insects, 97, 745. 
- Crustacea, 101. 
Milk, different classes of aliment con¬ 
tained in, 158; chemical composition 
of, 377 ; influence of mind on, 353. 
Milk-teeth, 184. 
Mineral ingredients required by Ani¬ 
mals, 166—170. 
Mitral valve, 272. 
Molar teeth, 181—183. 
Mollusca, general characters of, 106— 
110; circulation in, 290; respiration 
in, 316, 320 ; structure of liver in, 356; 
of kidneys, 358 ; luminousness of, 396 ; 
nervous system of, 435—439 ; develop¬ 
ment of, 752. 
Monkey, interior of, 77. 
Monstrosities by excess, 729. 
Mortality under different circumstances, 
Introd. 
Mucous membranes, general structure 
of, 39—41. 
Mulberry mass of ovum, 736, 737. 
Muscles, general purposes of, 10; general 
mode of action of, 605—615; of eye, 
538; of face, 624; of trunk, 637; of 
arm, 638, 640; of hand, 641; of leg, 
646, 647; of foot, 648. 
Muscular Contraction , 58, 59, 579 ; con¬ 
ditions of, 591; stimuli to, 580—586; 
influence of electricity on, 583—585 ; 
relation of, to nervous power, 586— 
588, 592, 593; voluntary and involun¬ 
tary, 589, 590; energy of, 592—594; 
use of, in organic functions, 595 ; in 
locomotion, 605—615. 
Muscular Fibre, structure of, 55—57 ; 
contraction of, 58; alternates with re¬ 
laxation, 58, 59. 
Musk, odour of, 504. 
Mygale, nest of, 700. 
Myriapod a, general structure of, 103; 
nervous system of, 440. 
N. 
Nails, structure of, 38. 
Nais, spontaneous fission of, 727. 
Near-sighted eyes, 552, 553. 
Necrophorus, instinct of, 703. 
Negro, skin of, 375. 
Nemestrina, trunk of, 173. 
Nepa, tracheal system of, 322. 
Nereis, 104, 314, 727. 
Nerita, palate of, 189. 
Nervous System, general structure of, 
483; general objects of, 9, 10, 429— 
432 ; form of, in Vertebrata, 72; in 
Articulata, 94; in Mollusca, 110; in 
Radiata, 116. 
-- particular structure 
and actions of, in Radiata, 434; in 
Mollusca, 435—439 ; in Articulata, 440 
—446; in highest Invertebrata, 447, 
448; inVertebrata, 449—452; in Fishes, 
453; in Reptiles, 454; in Birds, 455; 
in Mammalia, 456 ; in Man, 457—462. 
- Sympathetic, 461,462. 
--- the instrument of the 
mind, 427; influence of, on secretion, 
190, 353; on muscular contraction, 
584, 585 ; on animal heat, 415. 
Nervous Tissue, white or fibrous sub¬ 
stance of, 62, 63; distribution of, 63; 
grey or vesicular substance of, 61. 
Nests of Insects and Birds, 700—705, 
710—714. 
Newt, 87. 
Nictitating membrane, 540. 
Nitrogen, absorption and exhalation of, 
302. 
Non-azotized constituents of food, 154; 
destination of, 155—157, 162—165 ; 
effects of excess of, 350. 
Nose, structure of, 506, 507; common 
sensibility of, 508. 
Nurse-bees, 411. 
Nurses of Cercariae, 743. 
Nutrition of tissues, increased by use, 
242, 589; dependent on liquor san¬ 
guinis, 240, 241, 385; mode of, in dif¬ 
ferent tissues, 384, 385 ; share of blood 
in, 387 ; share of blood-vessels in, 388; 
share of tissues in, 387; imperfect 
forms of, 386. 
O. 
Oak, caterpillars supported on, 145. 
Octopus, 121. 
Odours, 504, 505. 
(Esophagus, 192. 
Oleaginous principles, 153; destination 
of, 154—157, 162. 
Olfactive ganglia, 453—456, 458. 
- nerve, 507. 
Optic ganglia, 453—456, 458. 
— nerve, 459. 
Organic Life, 6, 425,426; nervous system 
of, 461. 
- Functions, relation of, to ani¬ 
mal, 425—427; influenced by emo¬ 
tions, 461. 
Organized bodies, distinctive form of, 
1; structure of, 2; consistence of, 3; 
chemical constitution of, 4; actions 
of, 5. 
