INDEX* 
603 
Spiders, 98; circulation in, 293; respi¬ 
ration in, 323 ; nervous system of, 447; 
instincts of, 698, 700. 
Spinal column, 71, 626—632. 
Spinal cord, 72, 451, 460; independent 
powers of, 464—474; nerves, 451, 457, 
460. 
Spiracles of Insects, 320—322. 
Spleen, uses of, 224. 
Sponge, 136, 137 ; circulation in, 296. 
Stammering, 691. 
Standing posture, 650—654. 
Star-fish, 116—119; reparative power of, 
389; nervous system of, 434; develop¬ 
ment of, 741. 
Sternum, 633. 
Stereoscope, 561. 
Stomach, need of in animals, 8 ; form of, 
197; in Ruminants, 198, 199; move¬ 
ments of, 206. 
Stomato-gastric system of nerves, 447— 
450. 
Stork, 653, 
Strychnia, action of, 474. 
Sturgeon, continued action of heart of, 
583. 
Sucking, act of, 172, 472. 
Suffocation, 338, 339. 
Sugar, formation of by liver, 366. 
Sulphur in animal bodies, 166; sources 
of, 167. 
Supra-renal capsules, 224. 
Sutures, 602. 
Swallowing, act of, 192—196. 
Swimming, act of, 663—666. 
Symmetry of disease, 380. 
Sympathetic system of nerves, 60, 61, 
461, 462. 
Syncope, 271. 
Synovial membranes, 44. 
Syntonin, 16. 
T. 
Tadpole, 95—97; circulation in, 287— 
288. 
Tailor-bird, nest of, 705. 
Tape-worm, 105 ; development of, 742. 
Tardigrada, drying-up of, 66. 
Taste, sense of, 499, 503. 
Taurine, 364. 
Tauro-cholic acid, 368. 
Teeth , structure of, 54 ; development of, 
174; cutting of, 175; cessation of 
growth of, 176; continued growth of, 
177; structure of,‘178—180; different 
kinds of, 181—183; first set of, 184; 
motion of, in mastication, 178—180. 
Teething, convulsions of, 174, 473, 474. 
Tellina, 316. 
Temperament, 718 
Temperature, sense of, 497. 
Tendons, structure of, 29; attachment 
of muscles by, 605. 
Testacella, 106. 
Testis, 731. 
Tetanus, 380. 
Thalami optici, 458. 
Thigh, bone and muscles of, 646. 
Thoracic duct, 221. 
Thorax, 328; movements of, 332. 
Thumb, uses of, 643; reproduction of, 
390. 
Thunny, temperature of, 405. 
Thymus gland, 224. 
Thyroid cartilage, 680. 
- gland, 224. 
Timbre of Sounds, 524. 
Tissues , of Animals, distinctive pecu¬ 
liarities of, 10 — 12; chemical composi¬ 
tion of, 13—21; fibrous, 22—30; mem¬ 
branous, 37 — 45; osseous, 49—54; cel¬ 
lular, 32—36, 46—48 ; muscular, 55—• 
59; nervous, 60 — 63; degeneration of, 
from want of use, 58 ; continual decay 
■ and renewal of, 67, 68; self-formative 
power of, 382, 387; reproduction of, 
390. 
Tongue, nerves of, 501; mechanical 
uses of, 503. 
Torpedo, electricity of, 419, 421. 
Torpidity of animals, 66, 309. 
Tortoise-shell, 92. 
Tortrix, nest of, 701. 
Touch, sense of, 490 — 499. 
Tracheae of Insects, 321, 322. 
Tranference of secretion, 361. 
Transfusion of blood, 239. 
Trematode Entozoa, 743. 
Tricuspid valve, 272. 
Tridacne, 119. 
Tritonia, 316. 
Trunk of Elephant, 172. 
- Insects, 173. 
Tubercle, nature of, 386. 
Tunicata, 114; circulation in, 295; re¬ 
spiration in, 316 ; luminousness of, 396; 
nervous system of, 435, 436; gemmi- 
parous reproduction of, 728; develop¬ 
ment of, 752. 
Turbo, anatomy of, 108. 
Turnip-fly, voracity of, 147. 
Turtle tribe, 83. 
Tympanum, 516, 517. 
U. 
Ulna, 639. 
Ungkaputi, 674. 
Unity of Design, 261, 763. 
Urea, 346, 367. 
Ureters, 362. 
Uric acid, 346, 348, 367. 
Urinary apparatus, 368, 369. 
•-- bladder, 362. 
-- excretion, purposes of, 346— 
348; effects of suspension of, 351; 
composition of, 367; water discharged 
by, 369. 
Uterus, 761. 
