FAMILY HUPRESTIDAE 205 



Plate XV, fig. 2, shows this beetle. The following are my descriptions of 

 the larva and pupa : — 



Young Larva.— A tiny white grulj with a greatly enlarged prothoracic segment. 'I'he 



head small and yellow. The 

 body segments much narrower 

 than the thoracic segment 

 (fig. 134,'?). 



Full-grown Larva.— The 

 lai va is yellowish, flat, elongate, 

 and narrow, with a large pro- 

 thoracic segment immediately 

 following the small yellow 

 head ; the segments succeeding 

 this large prothoracic segment 

 are very much narrower in 

 width, and are more or less 

 equal to one another in size, 

 b "■'■ save the last two, which taper 



^ ^ , . Its length is about an inch and 



FIG. I34--Larva and pupa of ^-/^//.v/^/Z.vvr^ ^/.r™, .^ .^ ^^^^j 



Kerremans. a, young larva ; />, natural size and enlarged ; ^ ^ , . - . ,, vu ■. 



c, pupa natural size and enlarged. N.W. Himalaya. found m Us gallery with its 



lower segments curved round 



so as to lie against the ones above them. Fig. l>i,/>, show the larva natural size and enlarged. 



Pupa.— Elongate-ovate, yellowish in colour. More ovate than the beetle, which it 



generally resembles ; the antennae, legs, and wings are pressed against the chest. Fig. ci, c, 



show the pupa natural size and enlarged. 



The egg is laid by the female in June either on the bark or down on 



the inner surface of the bast, since the young larval 



Life History. gallery appears to commence here. The grub feeds in 



the bast, at first eating out irregular chambers as shown 



in fig. 135 ; as it gets larger it goes deeper and grooves both the outer 



bark and the sapwood. This gallery has no definite direction. Sometimes 



it is carried up the tree, at others down or across, especially when the larva 



is young (see pi. xiii). It curves about, the 



total length being from two to two and a half 



inches, and the breadth at its widest part 



about a sixth to a quarter of an inch. When 



1 1 • r 11 -x u J • *. 4.u„ Fig. Hv — Galleries ol voung 



the grub IS full-grown it bores down into the ^^^.^,^ ^^ 'sphenoptera atcrrima in 



sapwood at an angle for about half an inch, bast of deodar. N.W.Himalaya. 



and then eats out a pupal chamber in the 



wood somewhat larger than the size of the future beetle ; the section of the 



entrance-tunnel in the w^ood is narrow elliptical, and the presence of these 



entrance-tunnels in the sapwood is very characteristic of the beetle, and they 



are clearly visible when the decayed bark above has fallen off in patches. The 



larva changes to a pupa in the pupal chamber, and the beetle on maturing 



crawls out of the tunnel, eats its way through the bark if it has not fallen 



off already, and escapes from the tree. A characteristic feature of this 



.attack is shown in pi. xiv. The bark covering the larval galleries beneath 



