382 FAMILY CERAMBYCIDAE 



close to where No. 2 joined the main stem. It did not join this latter. Length about 

 I ft. An air-hole had been bored to outside. Exit-hole of beetle bored in the same 

 way as in No. "2. 



4//r — A New Gallery. — Contained a living larva which was about to pupate. It had 

 enlarged the end of its gallery for this purpose. About 3 in. of the gallery was 

 free of the compressed wood excreta. Length of gallery, \\\ in. Was confined 

 to centre of the stem, and contained one air-hole bored to outside about half-way 

 down. In this case the ^gg must have been laid by the mother beetle either on the 

 outside of the bark in a crevice or in the softer layer of tissue below. 



5//; — Old Gallery. — This gallery started at the point where the main stem branched into 

 two or three forks, i.e. where the crown commenced. It began about ijin. up one 

 of the forks and then came down the main stem, its total length being from 15 in. 

 to 16 in. One air-hole present. This gallery ended near where No. 4 commenced. 



6th — A-eau Gallery. — A tunnel containing a living larva, which ran down one of the 

 forks and ended very near where No. 5 joined the main stem. The grub inside was 

 not more than one-half to two-thirds grown, and the gallery appeared to be still in 

 course of construction. The larva was apparently on its way to the main stem. 



From the above we see that there were no less than five tunnels in the main stem (two of 

 which contained living grubs) and one unhnished one in a fork of the crown near where it 

 joined the bole. The tree was alive, but badly stag-headed. It was growing near Osahatti, 

 in the sandal-wood coupe No. 7. 



Results of Attack. — Only living trees are attacked by this pest, and 

 it would appear to confine itself to saplings and young poles. The sandal 

 is not necessarily killed by the action of the boring grubs ; in fact, unless 

 these latter are numerous the tree is probably but little inconvenienced and 

 the cambium layer soon covers over the old air and exit holes made by the 

 pest. In such cases there is no evidence externally that the tree has been 

 attacked. \\'hen it is felled and converted, however, the heart-wood is 

 found to contain the old galleries made by the boring grubs which infested 

 the tree when young, and the value of the wood is thereby greatly lessened, 

 no matter how fine in quality it may be. At other times, however, the tree 

 shows externally plenty of evidence of old attacks. The air-holes and 

 exit-holes are plainly visible, and if the sandal is from any cause sickly 

 and unable to cover these over they begin, under the action of the sun and 

 rain, to "weather," become greatly enlarged, and even at times coalesce. 

 When coalescence takes place the tree will be found to have its centre 

 exposed on one side, perhaps for a distance of several feet, and a con- 

 siderable amount of " heart " wood will have rotted away under the 

 " weathering " action. 



The plantation at Bailur was visited and inspected. The poor character 

 of the growth here was due to other causes, but it was apparent that a 

 number of the trees had been attacked some years previously by a cerambyx 

 borer, not improbably this one. About four thousand badly shaped or dying 

 and dead trees had been cut out the year previous to my visit (1901), or it 

 is not unlikely that the evidence of the pest's work would have been still 

 greater. 



