IIS SOME SOUTH INDIAN' INSECTS, ETC. [CHAP. XI. 



arc placed in the tank. If no strainer is provided with the machine, 

 or if this becomes Inst or worn out, a metal funnel should be made. 

 provided with brass wire-gauze ol twenty-five meshes to the inch ; 

 or the liquid may be strained through a cloth. 



Nozzles "i manj scores ol differenl types have been introduced 

 and used for special or general spraying and it is impossible to 

 attempt to describe all the various patterns. Those principalis 

 used in India are of the Bordeaux and the Vermorel patterns 01 

 modifications of these. Both of these are quite satisfactory foi 

 general work and as a rule spraying machines as supplied are 

 fitted with efficient nozzles. In the Bordeaux nozzle the spraj is 

 produced b) the stream striking the edges of a metal lip which 



iks it up into a fan-shaped spray, the size of the outlet being 

 regulated at will and governing the fineness ol the spray : by regu- 

 lation of a tap in the nozzle the spray may be varied from a ver) 

 fine mist to a solid stream. In the Vermorel nozzle the spray issues 

 from a small chambei through a hole as a fine cone-shaped mist; 

 the boh- is provided with .1 pin, ordinarily held back by a spring, 

 which can be thrust forward through it to clear it if it becomes 



iped with sediment. 



I lose ol three-eighths of an inch diameter is generally supplied 

 with Bucket and Knapsack Sprayers and of half-inch size for larger 

 machines. The best quality i> the cheapest in the long run but in 

 any case hoses will not last long in India and require renewal everj 

 two or three years. For fastening the hose to the machine and 

 nozzle clamps are more satisfactory than wire bands. 



Extension Rods of light metal tubing are very useful for the 

 spraying of trees and tall crops. A disc of metal attached around 

 the extension rod helps to protect the operator from drip. If. how- 

 ever, extensive spraying of trees is contemplated, as in mango 

 groves, it is bettei to build up a light tower on a rait for the 

 operatoi to work from. 



The Upkeep of Sprayers- 



I obtain the best results from a spraying out lit. it must be kept 

 in good condition and working order. It is often the ease that 

 sprayers are not required for months on end, generally in the dry 

 hot season when no crops are on the ground, and if they are 

 ii at this time they will be found to he nit ol order and 

 useless just when th( . are wanted, the hoses cracked and the valves 

 and nozzles clogged with dust and grit. To keep sprayers in good 

 condition they must be overhauled and worked regularly, at least 

 once a month, and water pumped through them. Barrels or other 

 wooden tanks should be kept lull of clean water when not in use, 



