CHAP. XV. I BUG PESTS. 145 



Chapter XV. 



BUG I' E s IS. 



"Why, shameless shepherd, pluck me 



. 

 Ill forest lawns, I love them, 

 Ami I love a lunel; i 

 But tin one thing thai I h • 

 Is a shepherd's ringer 

 i our fruit-tree filchers, catch them, 



ht, ami kill them t.... 

 But why my green leaf giiulge me, 

 And mv tin; 



Bayley — Sabrinoe Corolla. 



'ESTS arc characterized by the p ucking 



thrust into plants or other food and suck up the 



on which alone they live. This sucking tube is plainly 



long slender jointed rod \\ I is attached to the 



lower surface of the head and whose tip is generally carried along 



the lower surface of the body between the pairs of legs ; it may be 



noted that the tube, as seen, is only a sheath for the very slender 



closed therein and which are the true suctorial organs. No 



biting jaws and therefore they are not able to eat leaves 



and for this reason Hug Pests cannot be controlled by stomach 



poisons. 



For purpo inomic entomology, plant bugs ma, 



tlj be divided into three classes, (i) active bugs, which fly 

 or run actively over foliage and from one plant \< , 

 semi-active bugs, such as the Aphids, which are always small in 

 died and gn iccurring in masses, the individuals 



active but nol in practice moving about to any extent, and (3) 

 fixed bu^s. such as the Scale-insect-, which attach themselves 

 rmanently to particular parts of the plants they 

 attack and which are usually protected by a hard or filar 

 wax} shield. Speakin nerally, this last class contains 



which are especially pests of permanent crops, such as 

 tea, mango, rubber and coconut, whilst the first clas 

 tains insects which are particularly pests ol 

 (cereals, pulse-, oilseeds, cotton, etc.). 



