36o 



SOME SOUTH INDIAN INSECTS, ETC. 



emergen* e, then< eforward leading an aquatic life burrowing in the 

 mud at the water's-edge and feeding on worms or living or dead in- 

 sects. The full-grown larva is 40 — 50 mm. long, dull whitish, elong- 

 ate-, tapering at each end with protuberances at the edges of the 

 segments. When full-fed it leaves the damp mud at the water's-edge 

 and after a quiescent period pupates in the earth above water-level. 



Status.- The flies themselves are a pest of cattle and doubtless 

 carry disease. According to Mitzmain's experiments in the Philip- 

 pines this fly can transmit Surra directly and mechanically. 



Control. — (1) Deterrents applied to cattle. 



(2) Screening of breeding-places where practicable. 



(3) Removal of egg-masses when found to situations where 

 the larvae on hatching will not be able to find water whilst any 

 parasites will escape. 



PANGON1A Sp. 



I i'.. 220. Pangotiia sp., female. The smaller figure shows the natural size. 



1 in the right i^ ;l side-view oi the he; il showing the mouth-parts separated 



1 iiii. I'hc proboscis itself is naturally straight, k triginal. I 



Distribution. — Mostly in the Hills between about 2,000 and 4,000 



feet. 



I. ili history. Not known. Probablj similar to that of Tabanus. 



St,itus. The male Hies seem to feci I largely on flowers but the 

 females are persistent blood-suckers of man and other animals and 

 maj serve as carriers of disease. 



