412 I SOUTH INDIAN INSECTS, ETC. 



Iii.. l&b.—Althanivea. (Original.) 



Distribution. Bellary, Coimbatore. Probably throughoul South- 

 ern India. 



Lifehistory. -The round shell-like cocoons have been found on 

 the stem of castor-plants, below the surface of the ground. 



Foodplants. -Castor (Ricinus communis). 



Status. Not known to do any damage. 



XYMl'HALin.i:. 



MELANITIS ISMENE, Cram. [PLATE L. FIGS. J 0. | 



Papilio ismene, Cram.. Pap. Exot., I. t. 2(1. ff. A, B (1775). 



Melanitis ismene, Lefroy, Ind. Ins. Pests, p. 122. f. 139, Iml. Ins. 

 lit.-, p. 410. t. 29 ; Bingham, Faun. Ind. Butt.. I. 1 58 159, f. 36. 



Distribution. Throughout Southern India, occurring from sea- 

 level to elevations above 7,000 feet. 



Lifehistory. The round, while eggs are laid on leaves oi 

 on which the larva feeds. This latter is pale green with a roughened 

 skin, with a darker head hearing a pair of horn-like processes and 

 with the anal extremity produced into two slender processe- ; it 

 feeds chiefly at night, remaining immobile during the day-time. 

 The Stout, smooth, pale green pupa is slung by the tail from a 

 grass-stem or leaf. 



Foodplants. Grassi s. 



St, i/its. A pest of paddy hut as a rule does very little damage, 

 its numbers being probably cheeked by parasites and natural 

 enemies. 



I'AIMLIOXTD/E. 

 PAPILIO DEMOLEUS, Linn. [PLATE XXV.) 



Papilio demoleus, Linn.,Syst. Nat., X. 404 (1758); Bingham, Faun. 

 Ind. Butt., II, 39 40, f. 7; Lefroy, hid. Ins. Pests, pp. 174— 177, ff. 

 195 10;. Ind. Ins. Life, pp. 422 423, ii. 29] 292. 



Distribution. Throughout Southern India. 



Lifehistory. The rounded greenish-white egg> are laid on leaves 

 of Citrus of various kinds. The young larva is brownish or black- 

 ish with an irregular, broad, conspicuous white bar across its back, 

 and is protected by its resemblance to a bird's dropping. The 



