LEP1D0PTERA. 



417 



Control. -Destruction of attacked fruits, catching of butterflies 

 by hand-nets, and perhaps covering of valuable fruit in muslin 



bags. 



HESPERIAD/E. 

 GANGARA THYRSIS, Moore. 



Papilio thyrsis, Fab.. Syst. Ent., p. 532 (i/75>- 

 Gangara thyrsis, Lefroy, End. Ins. Life, p. 431, t". 295 ; Distant, 

 Rhop. Malay, p. 394. t. 34, f. [3. 



Fig. 290. — Gangara thyrsis, 



larva about half grown. 



(( >riginal.) 





'.91.— Gangara thy 



Distribution. Coimbatore. 



Lifehistory and Foodplant. 1 ire laid on leaves of various 



species of palms on which the larva feeds. The larva, when full 

 grown, is pair greenish, reddish in parts, but the colour is concealed 

 under long delicate white waxy filaments which form a fluffy secre- 

 tion all over the larva ; it lives inside rolled up palm-leaves in which 

 it also pupates. The greenish white pupa is about 27 mm. long 

 and attached by the tail to a stout silken cord spun across the leaf 

 chamber in which it vibrates with great energy when disturbed so 

 that it produces a loud rattling noise. The butterflj is on the wing 



Only at dusk. 



St, tins. -A minor pest which occasionally does some damage 

 to ornamental palms and in nurseries oi you .alms. etc. 



Control The larva is easily found and collected by hand. 

 The bitten leaves and fragments oi white wax} secretion on the 



haves give a good clue to its wlierea bouts. 



PARNARA MATHIAS, Fb. [PLATE XXVII.] 

 Hesperia mathias, Fab . Ent. Syst. Suppl., p. 433 1 1; 

 Baoris mathias, Distant, Rhop. Malay, pp. j8o }8l, t. 55, f. 10. 

 Parnara mathias, Kershaw, Butt. Hongkong, p. 1 jo, t. Vila. f. 1 ; 

 Lefroy, Ind. Ins. Lite, p 



