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measures as they slioulcl. The lambs examined can, if the meat is not 

 too poor and watery, be used on the table without harm to the consumer. 

 If the animals are at all feverish, as is the case in the later stages of 

 disease, the carcasses should be thrown away. It is in the beginning 

 of the disease that treatment, both hygienic and medicinal, is needed 

 and produces its best results, and therefore an early diagnosis and de- 

 termination of the malady is fully as essential as in the more virulent 

 bacterial scourges. 



Though the treatment advised in a work of this character should be 

 its strongest point, yet it is to be regretted that such is the state of 

 knowledge of the life-history of these parasites and of the practical re- 

 sults of medicines used in combating them under the conditions in 

 which sheep are held on the pastures, that it is felt that this field is yet 

 to be properly entered and worked up from an experimental standpoint. 

 The subject appears, as yet, to be in an empirical stage. Although the 

 best recipes have been compiled and presented, they appear to be old 

 and hackneyed to one who has been enabled to trace the same recipes 

 from book to book. Indeed, some of those presented, which contain 

 inherent virtues, come from countries where sheep-ranching is unheard 

 of, and seem to be sufficient only in the closely settled communities 

 where labor is cheap and where time can be devoted to saving property 

 even though the value is not great. The medical treatment of large 

 flocks should be investigated from a broader stand-point than any yet 

 taken. Our insufficiency of knowledge on these points arises from the 

 small value of single animals and the hesitation of people to seek the 

 aid of skilled veterinarians until they find that they are unable to treat 

 the disease themselves. The great benefit in doctoring animals wliose 

 individual worth is but a few dollars lies in the treatment of numbers 

 at a time, and in making an early diagnosis of the disease. Those who 

 have large and valuable flocks should watch their lambs for the earli- 

 est symptoms, and then if there is a skilled veterinarian available ob- 

 tain his services. Oftentimes the family doctor can and will give advice 

 that will materially assist, for his knowledge of other diseases, their 

 symptoms and lesions, and of the use and effects of medicines, make 

 him the most available authority in the absence of the veterinarian. 



Upon the hygienic treatment, i. e., upon the care and attention the 

 flock receives, depends in great measure its health and good condition, 

 and the prevention of the parasitic diseases. It is out of the province 

 of this bulletin to discuss the proper housing, food, and drink of sheep, 

 beyond what is required for the prevention of parasitic maladies. The 

 chief necessity as regards buildings and yards is that they should be 

 kept clean. Periodic cleansings of wood- work anjj floors should be 

 sufficient. Whitewashing and the liberal use of lye water for cleansing 

 wood- work are desirable, and in some diseases, such as scab, absolutely 

 indispensable. In the care of yards an economic management of the 

 manure is to some of prime importance. It would seem that a mixture 



