32 



cover smeared with this mixture (the above), or with one of asafcetida 

 and tallow, may be hung in such fashion as not to interfere with the 

 sight or with grazing and yet protect the lamb against the fly." 



Whatever the preparation used it should be periodically repeated 

 throughout the season during which the fly is known to trouble the 

 sheep, as the nosing of the sheep in the grass, the accumulated dirt, and 

 the rain all tend to make the preparation weaker and consequently less 

 effective. 



Old authorities recommend jilowing furrows in the pastures, but these 

 will be beneficial only while the ground is dry and mellow. Eemoval 

 of the grub immediately after it has been deposited is impractical. All 

 grubs seen on the ground should be crushed. Heads of slaughtered 

 sheep should be cared for so that mature grubs can not escape to the 

 ground. Sheep yards should be periodically cleaned and sprinkled 

 with lime. 



Medicinal treatment. — This seems to be hopeless. A study of the life 

 history of this parasite, which appears in the south at nearly all 

 seasons of the year, and of the anatomy of the recesses into which the 

 larva wanders, will convince one of the difficulties to be met with in 

 treatment. In the first place, even if a suitable remedy were found, 

 the sheep-owner would be compelled to resort to treatment as often as 

 he found his sheep troubled, and would have to treat each separately. 

 This arises from the fact that irritating fumigations or sneezing pow- 

 ders, which pass into the lower j^art of the nose, would not affect the 

 larva) in the sinuses no matter how violent the sneezing which they ex- 

 cite. Injections of irritating substances would also fail, excepting pos- 

 sibly in the hands of an expert, who, with a syringe and peculiarly bent 

 nozzle, could perhaps learn to inject into the nasal sinuses. Even in 

 that case failure would result in a certain proportion of cases, and the 

 maxillary sinuses could not be injected, nor would the larvse in the re- 

 cesses of the turbinated bones be reached. In addition to all this, 

 most remedies which would kill the larvai would injure the delicate 

 mucous membranes. For the flockmaster who may wish to try fumi- 

 gation or nasal injections, the following recipe for fumigation as given 

 by Blacklock is reproduced : 



One person holds the head in a convenient position in front of the operator. The 

 latter, having half-filled a pipe with tobacco and kindled it in the usual manner, 

 places one or two folds of a handkerchief over the opening of the howl, then passes 

 the stem a good way up the nostril, applies his mouth to the covered bowl, aud 

 blows vigorously through the handkerchief. When this has continued for a few sec- 

 onds the pipe is withdrawn, aud the operation repeated on the other nostril. 



Powers (0. c. p. 300) advises the following nasal injection, which should 

 succeed if any will : 



It is best to procure at the drug store an elastic bulb syringe, price about $1, with a 

 small nozzle 6 inches loug. Mix turpentine aud liusced-oil iu equal parts. Accustom 

 yourself to the action of the syringe so that you can gauge it accurately. Let the 

 affected sheep be held before you in a natural position, aud carefully probe the nog- 



