42 



long after, for each additional day is one of torment to the lambs. The 

 lambs also should be thoroughly dipped. One dip is said to be sufficient 

 to kill the old parasites. However, a few of the pupoe may remain in the 

 tieece of the lambs. They should be thoroughly examined two or three 

 weeks after, and if there are any present they should again be dipped. 

 All the precautions taken in dipping sheep should be carefully ob- 

 served. The shorn wool should be stored where the young ticks which 

 may hatch from the pupa cases can not crawl back to the sheep. How- 

 ever, they seem to have great difficulty in crawling, and may not be able 

 to go far. An experiment in which some of the pupoe became wet with 

 moisture from other ticks in the same bottle demonstrated that they 

 would not hatch, and indicates that the sheep bath will very likely kill 

 the inclosed larvae. 



In The American Agriculturist, October, 1889, page 490, Mr. Joseph 

 Harris advises fall dipping for these pests. This is a good plan if the 

 sheep have become infested with ticks after the spring dipping by some 

 inadvertence of the master. He advises the use of tobacco, carbolic 

 acid, and kerosene emulsion dips. The carbolic acid dip is composed of 

 a pound of soap and a pint of crude carbolic acid to each 50 gallons of 

 water. Dissolve the soaj) in a gallon or more of boiling water, add the 

 acid and stir thoroughly. Keep the mixture well thinned, and do not 

 let it get into the mouths, nostrils, or eyes of the sheep. Hold each 

 sheep in the bath not less than half a minute. 



The formula for kerosene emulsion is as follows : Churn fresh 

 skimmed milk and kerosene together in the proportion of 1 gallon of 

 milk to 2 gallons of kerosene, either in a churn or by using a force- 

 pump until an emulsion is made. The method of using the force-pump 

 is to set it in the vessel containing the mixture and turn the stream 

 back into the same vessel. The emulsiou will form quicker if boiling 

 hot milk is used. For dipping use 1 gallon of the emulsion for each 10 

 gallons of water required. Mr. Harris seems to think 20 gallons, with 

 a reserve of 10 gallons, sufficient ; but he was evidently thinking of a 

 very few sheep. He did not use this emulsion, but a variation made 

 with soap, as follows : 



Boil a gallon of water, dissolving a pound of soap in it; add 2 gal- 

 lons kerosene; churn the mixture until it emulsifies, or until all the oil 

 is "cut." Use 1 gallon of emulsion to 8 of water. Mr. Harris ad- 

 vises dipping twice with an interim of two weeks. 



Fifty gallons ot the dip will suffice for fifty sheep. Seventy would 

 probably answer for one hundred; but much depends upon the amount 

 of waste on account of the liquor being carried off by the fleece. The 

 recipe is very easily modified for ranching purposes. 



The emulsion has already been advised for cattle lice in Bulletin No. 5, 

 Iowa Agricultural Station, p. 184, May, 1889, and for cattle ticks in 

 Insect Life, Vol. II, No. 1, p. 20, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 July, 1889. Though the efficacy of this remedy against the various 



