121 



worm remedies tbey sbould be prepared bj' witbbolding food tbe iiigbt 

 before and not watered on the morning- of treatment. Tbe dose sbonld 

 be administered at one time, allowing every animal to swallow it slowly 

 it' fluids are given. They should not be turned out after dosing, but 

 should be watched during the day to see if the worms are voided. If 

 the worms are not passed off the dose should be followed by a cathartic 

 on the next day. If it is certain that the sheep have tape- worms and 

 none appear, the animals should be redosed with increased quantities 

 on the following day. Of course particular attention must be paid to 

 the purity of the drug given. 



After the sheep have been driven out the yard should be cleansed by 

 removing the surface earth. This dirt should be placed where it can 

 not be washed on to the grass to which the sheep have access ; or, it may 

 be thoroughly disinfected, burned, or buried. Cleansing the yard may 

 save a reinfection. 



Ziirn (o. c, p. 192) details experiments made by Schwalenberg, in 

 which wormseed, Persian insect powder, petroleum, Chabert's oil, ka- 

 mala, kousso, and koussin were tried. The last three gave good results. 

 In the first experiment 3.75 grams kamala (about 1 dram) were given to 

 each lamb. This dose caused diarrhea and removal of the tape-worms 

 in forty-eight hours. The lambs remained poor for a long time, in spite 

 of good care. 



In the second experiment 7.50 grams kousso (nearly 2 drams) given 

 each lamb gave good results. 



Koussin, also known as tteniin or brayerin, in 12 centigram or 2-grain 

 doses, gave better results. The tape- worms wereexpelled. The treated 

 animals remained cheerful, retained their appetites, and improved iu 

 condition. 



Picric acid, 10 to 20 grains, made with meal and water into a pill, is 

 also recommended for lambs. This quantity is sutficient for one dose, 

 and should be followed by a cathartic. Epsom salts in 4-ounce doses 

 is a good saline cathartic, or 4-ounce doses of the bland oils, adminis- 

 tered slowly, may be used. 



The powdered male-fern root, in 2-ounce doses, is recommended, or 

 the aitheric oil of male-fern in dram doses. The latter is the best. It 

 can be given in combination with from 2 to 4 ounces of castor oil. Dr. 

 H. Piitz {Senchen und Herde Krayikheiten) recommends dosing in the 

 morning, and withholding all food the night before giving the medicine, 

 and on the following morning to give a cathartic. This may be unneces- 

 sary, however, when the male-fern has been given with castor oil. 



Frohner {Thierdrztliche ArzneimiUellehre^ 1889), gives the following 

 recipes for Iambs with tape-worms: Take of koussin 3 grains, and of 

 sugar 10 grains, mix, and give at one dose. The dose of tansy is from 

 2 to 6 drams. It forms one of the chief ingredients of Spinola's worm 

 cake, which is fed to Iambs as a preventive medicine against worms. 

 The recipe, sufficient for one hundred sheep, is as follows: Take of 



