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the derangeiuents of tbe fmictions of the ca'cum. This tleninj^emeiit is 

 not serious until the resulting tumors become exceedingly numerous, 

 well adv^auced in growth, and press upon the more essential mucous 

 membrane, disturbing its functions. 



The most seriously affected sheep found in the abattoirs are notice- 

 ably poorer, and one would be tempted to believe, were he to judge from 

 the "knotty" viscera, as the butchers call them, that such animals 

 should have died from the disease long before. These shee^) usually 

 have diarrhea, a disease which weakens the affected animals. Flock- 

 masters who mistrust that their sheep are not doing well, and who 

 know of no cause for it, should sacrifice one or two of the poorest to 

 make a diagnosis. The meat of such sheep, though not quite as fat as 

 other mutton, is suitable for food, and could not be distinguished in the 

 market from other mutton. 



Prevention. — For the tumors caused by (Esophagostoma Golumbianum 

 there is no remedy except the removal and extermination of the adult 

 worms. These adults are usually buried dee])ly in the mucous secre- 

 tions and attached to the membrane of the large intestine. They may 

 be found in considerable numbers in older sheep. The medicinal rem- 

 edy must therefore be one which will remove them from these places. 

 It is probable that such a one can eventually be fouud, but at present 

 none can be recommended. It is probable that some one of the surer 

 remedies advised for other intestinal parasites will do for these. In 

 case medicinal remedies are tried each animal must be dosed. The 

 killing of the adults will of course lessen the number of eggs with which 

 the sheep become infested. As the eggs of this parasite pass to the 

 ground the sheep may get them either while pasturing or drinking. 

 The same care in changing i>astures, in providing good drinking water 

 and a plentiful supply of salt, should be observed as for other parasites. 

 Judicious fall and winter marketing of infected sheep will also tend to 

 lessen the chances of infection. If pastures are known to be perma- 

 nently infected, then they should be turned over to other stock for a 

 year or two before being again grazed on by sheep. When it is prac- 

 tical on the smaller farms the sheep lots should be plowed and either 

 planted or left fallow. The object of change of pasture and of plowing 

 is nearly the same ; in the one case, to wait until the parasites have 

 died out; in the other, to bury them beneath several inches of soil, from 

 which the sheep-owner may rest assured they will not emerge. 



