68 SOUTII-AFRICAX BUTTERFLIES. 



separate tlian in Lingcus ; fascia beyond middle more macular, inclin- 

 ing inwards, interrupted on second and first median nervules, and 

 reaching subraedian nervure ; marginal stripe almost obliterated with 

 brown, except at apex, which is rather conspicuously whitish. Hind- 

 wing : fascia about middle darker, much more regular, united at end of 

 cell with discal brown cloud ; the white spot enlarged to a hroad wldtish 

 inner marginal space, and more deeply incising the cloud by a conspicuous 

 acute dash between third and second medians : hind marginal spots 

 smaller, duller than in Lingcus, the lower often obsolete. 



$ Cupreous hrown, more or less shot with violet from bases ; or dull 

 greyish-hrown, without any violet lustre. Forc-unng : an indistinct 

 terminal disco-cellular spot. Hind-wing: black spot whitish-ringed, 

 sometimes dusted with bluish-silvery ; indistinct traces of a hind 

 marginal row of whitish rings or lunules. Under side. — As in ^. 



The ^ varies considerably in the depth and intensity of the upper side 

 violaceous, some of the specimens being of remarkable beauty in this respect. 

 A S fi'om the Lydenburg District of the Transvaal has undei'-side markings 

 very deep rich brown and their white edgings veiy sharp and distinct. Very 

 small examples of the $ are sometimes found ; one that I took at Knysna 

 measures little over seven lines across the wings, but the smallest I have seen 

 —captured in Weenen County, Natal, by Mr. Hutchinson— expands 6 lines 

 only. 



A very close ally of Palemon is found in Australia. In i8Si I saw a 

 specimen of what I believed to be Palemon, ticketed "Australia" in the 

 Hewitson Collection ; it was placed with Cape specimens, and I noted the 

 locality as in all probability an erroneous one. Finding, however, that Mr. 

 A. G. Butler recorded an example from Melbourne in the Annals and 

 Magazine of Natural History for February 1882 (p. 85), I wrote to him on 

 the subject, and he very kindly made a re-examination and comparison of the 

 specimens available, with the residt that he was convinced that the Austi-alian 

 species was not identical with Palemon, " the chief difference being that on 

 the under-surface of the hmd-wings the dark central band is continuous 

 (though in confluent square spots) and not united to the external border by 

 the blackish shade always found in the African species." 



This Lijcama is common and of wide distribution over South Africa, 

 appearing throughout the year. Its flight is rather weak and always near 

 the ground, and "it constantly settles on low flowers, I have often noticed 

 the female fluttering about the leaves of Pelargoniuni, and think it probable 

 that the eggs are laid on them. Though frequenting open ground generally, 

 Palemon shows a preference for damp hollows about watercourses ; it is often 

 met with in gardens and cultivated spots. I took the paired sexes at Knysna 

 on 20th December 1858. 



Localities of Lycccna Pcdemo7i. 



I. South Africa. 



B. Cape Colony. 



a. Western Districts. — Cape Town. Malmesbury. Caledon (/. X. 



Merrimcm). Knysna. Plettenberg Bay. 

 h. Eastern Districts. — Port Elizabeth (J. L. Fry). Uitenhage. 

 Gi\ahamstown and Fort Brown, Albany District. King Wib 

 Ham's Town (./. II. Bowlicr). Murraysburg (/. /. Muskett). 

 c. Basutoland. — Koro Koro and Maseru (/. //. Bowker). 



