90 SOUTH-AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



Locality of Lyccvna Bowkeri. 



I. South Africa. 

 E. Natal. 



h. Upper Districts. — Inchanga {J. H. Boiclcer). 



Genus CHRYSOPHANUS. 



Clirysojilianuii, Hiib., Verz. Bek. Sclimctt., p. 72 (1816); Westw., Gen. 



Diurn. Lep., ii. p. 497 (1852). 

 LyccB7ia, Fab., Uliger's Mag., vi. p. 285 (1807), sect. 3 [part]. 

 Pohjommatus, Latr. [part], Eucyc. Meth., ix. p. 11 (181 9); Herricli- 



SchJiffer, Syst. Bearb. Sclimett. Europ., i. p. 130 (1843). 



Imago. — General characters of Lycaiia. Eijes alwaj'S naked ; ^^a//'^ 

 with bristly hair beneath ; antcnnm rather thicker. Thorax stout, as in 

 the robuster species of Lycmna. Fore-wings more acute apically. Hind- 

 wings with anal angle acuter and more prominent (very slightly so in 

 the South- African C. Orus), and sometimes with a more or less acute 

 projection at extremity of first median nervule. Fore-legs of ^ longer 

 and stouter than in Lycevna, — tibia with scattered spines beneath, be- 

 sides several at extremity, but without terminal hook, — tarsus very 

 thickly spinose beneath and less so laterally, terminating in a slightly- 

 curved claw ; of $ similar, but with tarsus fully developed, articulated, 

 with much- curved terminal claws. Middle and liind legs rather shorter 

 and thicker than in LyeKna^ — tibite with two or three short spines 

 beneath, and with terminal spurs thick, — tarsi very spiny beneath and 

 with a few short spines above ; the long first joint in the $ more or less 

 swollen. 



Larva. — More flattened (less convex dorsally) than in Lycccna ; 

 more or less finely pubescent. 



Pupa. — Shorter, thicker, rounder than in Lycevna, especially an- 

 teriorly. 



(These characters of larva and pupa are gathered from the figures 

 and descriptions of many authors.) 



In structure, as well as in pattern of markings, Chrysophanus is so 

 intimately related to Lyeecna that it is very doubtful whether the group 

 is entitled to more than subgeneric rank. Tlie characters of the legs 

 alone seem to present any distinction of importance. At the same 

 time, the beautiful insects referred to CJirysojyhanus have a very 

 distinct facies, and it is perhaps better to keep them apart from the 

 immense genus, to which they are unquestionably most closely allied. 



The Clirysopliani are mostly distinguished by the golden or coppery 

 red of the upper side of the wings, which is specially splendid (and 

 sometimes, as in 0. Orus, shot with blue-violaceous) in the males, but 

 usually much duller in the black-spotted females, whose hind-wings, 

 too, are sometimes brown or suff*used with brown. In some species, 



