Introduction. xxi i i 



-Arachnida Ixodidx or ticks (Ixodes) and mange mites (Sarcc^tidsR). 



Hexapoda Biting flies (Tabamis, Hmmatopota, Siviulium), warble 



flies [Hypoderma lineata and H. bovis). 



Amphibia None. 



Beptilia Poisonous snakes attack cattle — puff adder; crocodiles 



{Crocodilus vulgaris) in African rivers. 



Birds None. 



Mammals The larger carnivora attack cattle, especially leopards. 



II. As germ carriers. 



Arachnida Ticks (Ixodidx) distribute various bovine diseases, as 



Texas fever. 

 Hexapoda Probably biting flies, such as TabanidiB, Stomoxys, carry 



disease germs (Anthrax) ; tsetse-fly and Nagana. 

 -Mollusca Certain species of water snails (Limns&idae) carry the 



germs of flukes. 



SuBVEY OP Section (ff) op Sub-ghoup A. 

 ANIMALS CAUSING BODILY INJURY AND DISEASE TO SHEEP AND GOATS. 



I. By direct injury. 



Protozoa Protozoa are said to cause a disease in the feet of 



sheep in Australia. 

 Platyhelmia Numerous cestodes (Moniezia expansa, planissirna, alba) 



in intestines and cysts in the body (Cysticercus temci- 



collis), and in the brain (Ccenurus ccrebralis), causing 



" sturdy." The liver fluke (Distomum Jiepaticum) 



producing " rot." 



Nemertina None. 



Nematoda Numerous filaria in all sheep (Ivmg worms, Eustrongylus 



filaria and husk). Strongylus contortus in intestines. 

 Arachnida Sarcoptidx, producing scab (Psoroptes communis v. ovis) ; 



Ixodidx or ticks. 

 Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 

 Hexapoda Keds (Melophagus ovinus), nasal fly (CEstrus ovis), and 



sheep maggots (Lucilia), lice (Mallophaga) in sheep and 



goats. 



Beptilia Many poisonous snakes (puff adder, cobra). 



Amphibia None. 



Birds Some birds of prey (eagles); the kaka parrot (Nestor 



meridio7ialis) attacks sheep in New Zealand. 

 Mammals Large carnivora abroad and dogs generally. 



II. As germ carriers. 



Arachnida Ixodidx, and louping ill (Ixodes reduvius), and heartwater 



{Amblyom7na). 



Hexapoda Biting flies (Tabanus, Chrysops) may carry anthrax. 



Mollusca Some water snails (Limnxidx) carry the germs of the 



fluke. 



Survey of Section (y) op Sub-geoup A. 



ANIMALS CAUSING BODILY INJURY AND DISEASE TO HORSES, 

 ASSES, AND MULES. 



I. By direct injury. 



Protozoa to Echinoderma None. 



Platyhelmia A few occur in horses (Tgsnia plicata, and per-foliata), 



Nemertina None. 



Nematoda Many in all parts of the body; armed strongyles (ScZero- 



stomum tctracanthum and equinum) ; thread worms 

 Filaria) ; maw worms (Oxyuris curvula and mastigoides). 



