Introduction. xxvii 



Survey of Suu-oroup B of Group E. 



animals which concern man as causing injury and 

 disease to his vegetable plantations. 



This group deals with animals which cause loss to farmers, gardeners 

 and foresters. It may then be divided into three main sections ; (i.) 

 animals injurious to agriculture ; (ii.) to horticulture ; and (iii.) to 

 forestry. 



Each of these sections may be again conveniently divided up into 

 smaller groups. 



Survey of Section I. of Sub-group B. 

 ANIMALS IXJURIOU.S TO AGRICULTURE. 



This section may be divided up into several headings under the names 

 of the particular crops grown by man. It is not possible here to enter at 

 length into this sub-group, owing to its extensive nature. The following 

 divisions of this section may be employed : — (a) animals injurious to 

 cereal crops ; (/?) to pulse ; (y) to root crops ; (8) to forage crops and 

 grass ; (c) to fruit and fruit trees ; (^) to hops ; (iy) to tea ; {&) to coffee ; 

 (t) to sugar. 



Survey of Sub-section (a) of Section I. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO CEREAL CROPS. 



The animal pests of corn crops are very numerous. 



Protozoa None. 



Platyhelmia None. 



Nemertina None. 



Nematoda Eelworms (AiiguilliUidie) cause disease, as tulip root in 



oats. 



Chsetopoda Some Enchytrams apparently cause disease to plants. 



Crustacea Land Isopods (woodlice) sometimes Ao h&xm. {Armadilli- 



dium, Oniscus). 



Arachnida None(?). 



Hexapoda Numerous insects eat leaf (larvae of Nochix), stalks 



(Hessian fly, Cccidomyia destructor, maize aphis, A. 

 viaiis, Ccphiis pyginanis, Leucanium, etc.), roots (wire- 

 worm, Elatcridas), and seed and blossom (wheat midge — 

 Diplosis tritici). 



Chilopoda None. 



Diplopoda Millepedes {Julidee) attack the roots of corn. 



Mollusca Many snails (iJeZfcwZ«) and slugs (Liwftcirfie) devour the 



leaves. 



Reptilia and Amphibia . . . None. 



Birds Destroy the seed and pull up young plants (rooks, starlings, 



wood-pigeons, cranes {Gruidie), wild geese {Anser 

 anscr in Europe, Plectroptcrus gcnnbcnsis in Transvaal). 



Mammals Ruminantia, especially deer, often do harm to standing 



corn ; rodents, as voles and mice. 



Survey of Sub-section (/3) of Section I. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO PULSE. 



Protozoa to Nemertina . . . None. 



Nematoda Eel- worms (Tylcnchtcs). 



Crustacea ...; Land Isopods (woodlice) attack young plants {Porcellio, 



Oniscus). 



