Introduction. xxix 



Amphibians and Reptilia None. 



Birds Many frugivorous birds, hornbills (Bitcerotidse), trogons 



(Trogonoideie), cockatoos and parrots {Plissoloijhus 

 moliiccensis), depredate whole fields of fruit, in 

 Moluccas ; ring parrot (Palieoniis torqjuitjis), in Africa 

 and India, grey parrot (Psittacus erithaciis) in Africa, 

 do much harm in fruit plantations ; others do so now 

 and then; starlings {Stiirnus), thrushes {Turdid,-e), 

 toucans {Rhamphastidse) ; other birds damage twigs, etc. 

 (plant cutters, Phyfotomidx). 



Mammalia Rabbits and hares damage young trees by biting the 



bark : squirrels take nuts and soft fruit, and some fruit 

 bats {PtcrapuH imJioccphalns, P. Kcrandrcnii), and 

 others do mucli harm abroad. 



Survey of Sub-section (C) of Section. I. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO HOPS. 



Protozoa to Nemertina . . None. 



Nematoda Eel-worms (Hctcrodcra), produce disease. 



Crustacea Woodlice {Annadilliditiin &ndi Ascellus), 



Arachnida Red si^iders (Tetranychiis tclarius). 



Chilopoda None. 



Diplopoda Millepedes (Jididse) damage the roots.' 



Hexapoda Many insects attack root, leaves and stem — Aphis, fioa 



beetle (Haltica conciniia), wire-worm {Agriotcs liiieatus), 

 hop-dogs {D. pudibiiiula), shy-bugs (Calocoris fulco- 

 maculatiis). 



MoUusca Occasionally snails (ifcZix). 



Heptilia and Ampnibia ... None. 



Birds Some birds, as linnets, damage the cones. 



Mammals Rabbits and hares attack the bine. 



Survey of Sub-section (r?) of Section I. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO TEA. 



Protozoa to Chaetopoda . . . None. 



Crustacea Land crabs in India. 



Arachnida Red tea mite (Tetranychus hiaculatus) \ fire-legged tea 



mite {Typhlodromus carinatus) ; yellow tea mite {Acarus 

 transluceus) ; pink mite (Phytoptus tlwx). 



Hexapoda "RqA. horer {Zcuzera coff ex); black grub {Agrotis siiffnsa) ; 



faggot worm {Eumcta carmcri) ; tea scale [Aspidiotns 

 theas) ; tea aphis {Ccylonia tlieascola) ; white ants 

 (Termes taprobanes) ; tea mosquito or tea bug (Hclio- 

 peltis theivora), and otliers. 



■Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 



MoUusca Snails and slugs do much harm (Hcliocarion salius a,nd. 



others). 



Reptilia and Amphilia ... None. 



Birds None. 



Mammals Wild elephants do much harm in tea plantations; also 



stray cattle, hares and laud rats. 



Survey of Sub-section (6) of Section I. 



ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO COFFEE. 



P'rotozoa co Crustacea None. 



Arachnida None recorded, but probably several occur on coffee 



leaves. 



