64 First Report on Economic Zoology. 



0. OcELLANA, Schiff. ; + Laeiciana, Hein. 

 = zdhrana, Brgmn. 



lariciana, Hein, Schm. Deutsch. Tortr., 206, No. 371 (1863). 

 Sjnlonota lariciana, Kuaggs, Eiit. Ann., 1866, 166 (1865). 

 Hedya lariciana, Brit. Ent. Mo. Ma?., X., 66 (1873). 

 Tmetoccra ocellana, Tern, Mass. Agr. Exp. Stn. Bull, 12 (1891). 

 Timtocera ocellana, Ltnr., Can. Ent., XXIIL, 231-2 (1891); Kept. N.Y. 



VII. (1891). 

 Tmetocera ocellana, Fletcher, Rp. Dp. Agr. Can., 1891, 195 (1891). 

 Tmetoccra ocellana, Slingerland, Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Stn., Ent. Div,, 



Bull. 50, 3-29, figs. 1-8, III. (1893). 

 Tmetocera ocellana, Slingerland, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Stn., Div. Ent., 



Bull. 107, 57-66, figs. 32-39 (1896). 

 Tmetocera ocellana, Ltnr, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. (n.s.). Bull. 6, 54, 



N.Y. (1896). 

 Tmetocera ocellana, Sndrs., U.S. Dept. Agri., Div. Ent. (n.s.) Bull. 26, 69 



(1900). 



How THE Test may be Detected. 



The presence of this fr\iit pest may be detected by the early 

 destruction of the developing buds, which on partly opening are seen 

 to be eaten and shrivelled and which soon t\vn\ brown ; these buds 

 will be found to contain a small reddish-brown caterpillar, the cause 

 of the injury. Later the damage is still more noticeable, the opening 

 leaf and blossom being spun together, for both leaf and blossom buds 

 are attacked. There may frequently be noticed a gummy appearance 

 of the opening leaflets. The larva enters the bud, if it has not 

 already burst, by eating down between the bracts, and there, as 

 described by KoUar, a drop of sap forms which tends to hold the bud 

 intact and to stop it from bursting ; in any case if it does open the 

 young leaves soon shrivel and turn brown. During the past summer, 

 trees, especially cherry, have been quite ruined in this way. More 

 usually, many of the buds fully open, leaf and blossom appearing as 

 usual, the caterpillars later spinning the bunches of leaves and 

 blossoms into a mass with silk. These leaf nests frequently die right 

 away and turn brown in a very characteristic manner. Slingerland 

 states that in America the larvte also sometimes " burrow down the 

 stalk for two or three inches, causing it to die." This habit has not 

 so far been observed in England ; in all cases the larva boring down 

 the top shoots of apple and pear has proved to be that of the l*ith 

 Moth {Laverna atra) (vide p. 68). When nearly mature the Bud 

 Moth larva forms more or less of a tube by rolling up a leaf and 

 roughly lines it with loose silk. The caterpillar at first only uses 

 this tube as a shelter from which it emerges to feed, gradually 

 drawing the neighbouring lea^'es together by silken cords. From 



