152 First Report on Economic Zoology. 



others no animals of any sort are found save monkeys and rodents. 

 Amongst other pests that affect camels very seriously in Jubaland is a 

 species of gadfly which is restricted in its distribution to the open plains 

 and sparsely-bushed country in the districts of Desek Wama and IJerib. 

 This fly, unlike the Tsetse, attacks animals during the day at all hours, 

 and the symptoms produced by it (in camels) are identical in every 

 particular with those produced by Tsetse, but I was unable at the time to 

 substantiate this theory microscopically owing to lack of the necessary 

 materials, etc., for carrying on investigations. 



Yours truly, 



William S. Radfobd, 

 Medical Officer, East Africa Protectorate, 



Nairobi, 



ith September, 1901. 



Sm, — Eeferring to our conversation on the subject of Tsetse-fly in 

 the Jubaland Province, I would state that along the Juba Eiver where 

 low-lying forest exists (my observations cover a distance of some hundred 

 and twenty miles from Bulbula to Gele) Tsetse-fly abounds. The worst 

 places are damp, dark, and low-lying, shaded chiefly by the Ndoma Palm. 

 In many such localities there is little or no game and certainly no 

 Buffalo. 



On the other hand, from Mtudo northwards buffalo are found, 

 especially in rainy weather and in the heat of the day frequent the 

 thickest depth of the forest ; here, too. Tsetse-fly is found in large numbers, 

 as also in the dry lake beds adjacent to the river. At the same time half 

 a mile or so away from the river and lake beds in the dense dry bush,, 

 Avhere Buffalo feed in the early mornings and evenings, the fly does 

 not appear. In many places the areas in which fly exist are quite smalU 

 possibly only a few hundred yards in extent, and I have seen a watering 

 ])lace made entirely free of fly for the time being by cutting down forest 

 and undergrowth and burning the grass in the immediate vicinity. 

 Again, at Lake Hardinge (now dry), where little or no forest exists, 

 where buffalo are frequently seen, and always large herds of waterbuck, 

 and Somalis graze their cattle at all times of the year without ill effects. 

 Passing on, however, some thirty miles to the Rumbi forest on the 

 Affmadu road. Tsetse-fly abounds, especially in wet weather. 



My opinion, therefore, is that Tsetse-fly is to be found in certain dark, 

 damp, low-lying localities, irrespective of big game of any kind. 



I have, etc., 



(Signed) J. W. P. McClellan. 



Foreign Office, 



^Oth November, 1901. 



Sir, — With reference to my letter of October 15th last, I am 

 directed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to transmit to you 

 for your information the accompanying copy of a despatch from His 



