94 APPLE LEAVES — HEMEROBIUS SPECIES. 



upon the grass of meadows and prairies. I have met with it upon peach but 

 never upon apple leaves. The margin of the fore wings presents a curious ap- 

 pearance, being occupied like several of the other species with a row of dots, 

 which, when magnified, resemble a string of beads, and it is almost always the 

 case that, around the entire margin, every fourth dot is white, the other three 

 being black. 



The Chesnut lack-wing (//. Castanecb) has all the veins white alterna- 

 ted with black or brown rings, with the usual two series of veinlets black fee- 

 bly margined with dusky; a large blackish dot on the first longitudinal vein at 

 the apex of the outer basal cells, and a smaller one at the next fork beyond 

 this, and similar dots on the inner rib-vein at the origin of each of the discoidal 

 veins; wings hyaline, the margins faintly tinged with smoky. Body whitish 

 with a large spot under each eye, a stripe on each side of the thorax and a row 

 of spots on each side of the abdomen, brown. Wings expand 0.G5. This is 

 one of the most common species throughout the northern and northwestern 

 States, and both the larvas and the perfect insects may always be found upon 

 chestnut trees infested with plant-lice, and also upon the walnut and other 

 trees, from April till October. It varies much in the depth of the color of the 

 dots on the wings and the rings upon the veins, these being sometimes black 

 and very distinct and at other times much more faint, either brown or tawny. 

 The dots on the margin are white interspersed irregularly with black ones. A 

 variety has all the rings upon the veins black and more broad than usual, and 

 instead of the three dots which commonly occur upon the inner rib-vein, this 

 vein is annulated with black through its whole length. The larva is white or 

 tawny yellowish, with a slender brown line in the middle and a row of black- 

 ish spots on each side, the head with two large longitudinal black spots and a 

 black dot above the base of each leg. Its sides have a serrated appearance, from 

 a row of projecting tubercles the tips of which are furnished w r ith slender ra- 

 diating hairs. 



The Preserver lace-wing (//. lutatrix) has translucent wings with white 

 veins, which on the fore wings have black rings at somewhat regular intervals, 

 and from each side of each ring proceeds a short smoky brown line, which is 

 inclined towards the apex of the vein, thus forming a series of V-shaped marks 

 crossing the veins at each ring; near the base of the inner margin of the fore 

 wings are a few black dots. The body throughout is white, tinged with yel- 

 lowish; the thorax has three brown spots on each side which are often some- 

 what confluent into a continuous stripe; the abdomen has a row r of eight brown 

 spots each side of the middle, situated upon the sutures. The wings expand 

 0.60. This is much like the preceding species, but is a size smaller, with the 

 wings more clear and glassy and without any dusky tinge towards their mar- 

 gins, and with the scries of marginal dots all white. It was captured in Sep- 

 tember upon apple trees. 



The United-veined lace-wing (//. conjunctus) has pellucid wings becom- 

 ing dusky towards the margins; veins of the fore wings white with blackish 

 rings and bands; a blackish spot around each of the veinlets except the two 

 innermost ones, and a smaller spot at the base of each discoidal vein; marginal 

 dots alternately black and brown, the black ones occupying the apices of the 

 veins; lower wings and their veins without spots. Wings expand 0.53. The 

 wings arc spotted much like those of alternatus, except that the margin is 



