CABBAGE. LEAVES — CABBAGE MOTH. 175 



dots each of which is surrounded by a faint pale ring. These dots are 

 symmetrically arranged, and are situated the same as in numerous other larvae 

 of moths, each of the segments of the body having four of them above, placed 

 at the angles of an imaginary square, of which the anterior side is shortest; 

 whilst on each side are four other dots, placed at the angles of an imaginary 

 rhombus, the upper and lower angles of which are very acute. There are nu- 

 merous dots on the neck, and the head is commonly freckled with a number of 

 dark brown dots. There are sixteen legs, and the two first segments of the 

 abdomen at first glance appear to be furnished with legs also, being bulged on 

 their under sides, so as to touch the surface on which the worm stands. . 



The chrysalis or pupa is one-fourth of an inch long by 0.05 in width. It is 

 commonly of a white color, with large deep-black eyes situated inside of the 

 base of the antennae sheaths. Quite frequently the white 

 color is varied with umber-brown stripes, whereof there is 

 one on each side of the back, with a very slender brown line 

 between upon the middle of the back. The wing sheath is brown on the upper 

 margin, with a brown stripe in the middle and a more slender one inside of it, 

 parallel to each other, and both running into the marginal stripe, this last be- 

 ing prolonged upon the abdominal segments to the tip. The sheath of the an- 

 tenna) and of the legs are also brown. These brown stripes remain upon the 

 pupa skin after the moth has been hatched from it, but the black color of the 

 eyes then disappears. 



The winged moth measures 0.30 in length to the tips of the closed wings, 

 and these, when expanded, measure 0.58. It is of an ash gray color. The 

 fore wings are freckled with black dots on the disk and apex and have a com- 

 mon white stripe on their inner margin reaching to the hind angle, which stripe 

 is wavy upon its inner edge and near the middle of the wing is bordered by a 

 dark brown streak; the fringe of 'these wings is traversed by one or more 

 blackish lines which are parallel with the margin. The hind wings and also 

 the under sides of both pairs are leaden brown, glossy, and without any spots 

 or dots. The antennas and the under side of the abdomen are white. This 

 moth is somewhat variable in the depth of its color, being frequently dark gray, 

 and the stripe on its wings is not always pure white and distinct. 



Facts so far as observed indicate that when this and its kin- 

 dred species are favored with unusually dry weather at the date 

 of their appearance in the larva state, the species suddenly be- 

 comes excessively multiplied, overrunning particular sectiuns of 

 country like an invading army. When I observed this cabbage 

 worm a drouth was prevailing through northern Illinois, that was 

 said to be without a parallel since its settlement. And hence we 

 infer that thoroughly showering the vegetation which is attacked, 

 with water, will be found a most effectual remedy for the expul- 

 sion of the worms of this group. With the cabbage moth this 

 measure can easily be resorted to, a common watering pot being 

 the only apparatus which is required. 



