APPLE-MIDGE ITS DELICATE WINGS. 253 



changed to a dull yellowish spongy substance resembling dried 

 apple, with deep fissures or sinuses running through it. The 

 seeds were blackened but entire and perfect, one only being worm 

 eaten. In the centre was a large irregular cavity or vacant 

 space, the sides of which were wet and slimy, and with numer- 

 ous black grains, the castings of the worms which had occupied 

 this cavity. And adhering to this slimy matter were found two 

 pupae of a small fly or midge, with numerous empty shells or 

 skins of other pupae from which the flies had hatched. And the 

 remains of some of these flies were also present, having perished 

 from their wings becoming entangled in this slimy matter. But 

 they had mostly disappeared, the hole perforated by the codling 

 worm giving them a passage way out to the external air. And 

 it hence appears probable that it is those apples only, which are 

 thus perforated, which are resorted to by these insects, as the 

 passage which may be seen leading from the flower end into this 

 cavity is scarcely of sufficient size to give them an exit after 

 they have completed their transformations. 



A fly was also discovered, which had that moment left its pupa 

 shell, its wings being then undeveloped and only a third the 

 length of its body. Bat in less than half a minute they had ex- 

 panded to a length equalling that of the body, in which state 

 they remained, the dry atmosphere let into the apple by cutting 

 it asunder rendering them rigid and incapable of expanding to 

 their fall size. This fact beautifully illustrates how extremely 

 delicate the wings of these flies are, requiring the damp atmos- 

 phere which they find in the interior of the apple to keep them 

 soft and pliant until they become fully developed; and if a 

 breath of dry air passes over them at this time, it dries them pre- 

 maturely and they thenceforth remain deformed. 



Whether the parent fly places her eggs upon the flower end of 

 the apple and the young worms mine their way from thence into 

 its center, or whether she attacks those apples only which the 

 codling worm has left, crawling into the fruit through the per- 

 foration in the side which this worm has made, future researches 

 must determine. The latter, however, appears to be the most 

 probable. And this insect would hence appear to merely con- 

 tinue the mischief which the codling moth has commenced. The 



