24 Second Report oil Economic Zoology. 



be any good ; the ears will not come out of many, and most were 

 completely spoiled. 



" Eemedies are, of course, impracticable, even when the disease is 

 in a much younger stage than that which you send ; but when the 

 stunted plants are noticed earlier in the year, dressings of stimulating 

 manure have been found to push the plant on, and so save part of 



each ear. In districts where 

 ' Gout Fly ' is prevalent, 

 early sowing has been found 

 of the greatest benefit. In 

 one instance the following 

 was noticed : (1) Sown in 

 ]March, practically free from 

 injury ; (2) sown April 6th, 

 affected 2 per cent. ; (3) sown 

 May 3rd, affected 20 per 

 cent. It always seems to be 

 late-sown barley that is 

 damaged. 



" It is especially bad on 

 wet, low-lying parts of fields, 

 near grassy headlands, and 

 along the borders of ditches 

 and furrows ; also where land 

 is exposed to a sweeping 

 wind. 



" Grassy headlands should 

 be cut and burnt in winter, 

 if not at the present time 

 (August). 



" The flies will hatch out 

 in September, and lay their 

 esss on wild grasses, and on 



howlns larvae at x ; c, the fly; a. larva; e, egg, ryC Or any CCrcals that may 

 greatly enlarged. (Partly after Curtis and OrmerodO -^^ aboVC <7rOUnd, COUtinuino" 



into October. If the crop is harvested this month, which I presume 

 it will not be in North Wales, the sheaves should be well shaken 

 before being stacked, as many of the puparia will fall out, and can be 

 swept up and burnt. All refuse sliould be burnt after stacking 

 or thrashing." 



These flies commenced to hatch out on the 27th of August, and 

 continued until the \i\\ of September. They lived some two weeks ; 



Fig. 2. — the gout fly (Cldowj^s txniojncs). 

 i. Barley deformed liy the larva; ; h, stalk of same, 



