34 Second Re port on Economic Zoology. 



moths appear in July and August. The pupal stage lasts about two 

 weeks. 



Marcluil also records this species as a pest to alniunds iu France.* 



The Hawthokn and Chekiiy Ermine. 

 {Hyjjonmitcttta paddla. L.) 



This small Ermine Moth feeds normally un hawthorn, often quite 

 defoliating the hedgerows. It also attacks cherry and plum. It is 

 somewhat larger than the apple-feeding nudinclla, and differs in 

 having the fringe of the anterior A\ings ash-coloured above, perfectly 

 white below, without any dusky s])Ot. 



It measures about 22 mm. across the open wings. The head, 

 antennte, and palpi white ; the fore wings white or gTey, variable in 

 colour, with three lines of black dots, two of which are close and 

 parallel to the interior margin, the third along the anterior edge, with 

 other black dots near the fringe ; the wings ash-grey below, about the 

 same colour as the upper surface of the inferior wings. A few black 

 spots on the thorax. 



They appear in July and August. 



The life-history is very similar to that of the preceding. The 

 larva is of a dirty whitish-yellow colour, with black head, and twt) 

 dark spots on the first segment, forming the thoracic shield, and 

 another the anal plate ; thoracic legs black. A median dusky line 

 along the back, and on each side two rows of eleven round spots, 

 brown in colour and slightly hairy. 



The pupa is yellow in the middle, l)rownish-black apically, and 

 the same colour on the wing-cases. They live and pupate much as 

 iu the former species, but the cocoons are much lighter, so much so 

 that the pupa can be seen within, whilst in H. malinella they are 

 compact and opaque. They are placed differently also; for in 

 iiudinella they are in grou])-like packets, in tliis species they are 

 never found in groups, but are more or less isolated, nor is the tent 

 nearly so compact. 



Peevention and Remedies. 



Washing with arsenites has but little effect upon these pests, 

 owing to their feeding between tlie silken nests, which protect the 

 leaves from contact with the wash. Whether spraying with caustic 

 alkali wash in winter would kill the young larvte is also doubtful, if 

 used at the strength generally euiployed, but it can be used at double 



* Bull. Sue, d'Etudes et de Vulgarisation de la Zuol. Agricole, No. 4, p. 17, i90L\ 



