48 Second Report on Econoniic Zoology. 



clusters turning brown and dying away. The pupte, 1 find, rcij^uire 

 nourishment, just as much as the larvie. The adult Fstjlla is of !i 

 general green colour, with shades of pale apple green and yellow, Init 

 previous to pairing they become variegated with red and rusty brown ; 

 the legs are yelloMdsh green, and the antenna^ which are bifid at the 

 tip, are dark apically. The female is about one-tenth of an inch 

 long, the male somewhat smaller. The eggs, which appear to be 

 s])indle-shaped, have really one end prolonged into a thread-like 

 appendage ; they are mainly laid on the young wood, especially 

 amongst the fine hairs, but now and then in cracks and crevices in 

 the bark. Several are generally laid together in rows, but also 

 singly. They commenced to lay them in September, but went on 

 to November. They remain on the trees all the winter. The 

 larvre are flat and of a dusky yellowish-brown, with brown spots 

 and red eyes, the legs dusky. In about ten days after they have 

 come from the egg they moult, and a curious blue thread or threads 

 issue from the end of the body, attached to which is a round opafpie, 

 oil-like globule. These gloljules frequently become detached, and 

 remain on the leaves, as pointed out to me by Mr. Cecil Hooper 

 during the past season. In about ten days later the larva casts its 

 skin again, becomes green, and often is covered with fine pale blue 

 threads, which are almost white in certain lights. Another change 

 takes place, and the pupal stage is reached about a week later. The 

 pupa is also flat, green in colour, with dark eyes, and the apices of 

 the antennie dark, and very prominent wing-buds are formed. The 

 ])up;e give rise to the adults in June, as a rule, but the change 

 may take place later. The curious jumping habit of the adults 

 frequently causes them to 1)6 mistaken for " frog-flies " {Eiracanthldm). 



TKEA.TMENT. 



Soft soap and quassia has until this year been found effective in 

 checking the damage caused by this pest. But, from a letter 

 received in answer to a communication to the Herefordshire Fruit- 

 growers' Association, it has not been so during the past season. 

 Much benefit has been found from the use of caustic alkali wash in 

 winter. Hard pruning and burning the shreddings at once also 

 lessens the numbers. Autumnal washing Avith paraffin emulsion has 

 been found to kill (he adults, and if done in time will prevent egg- 

 laying. The wash may be made at full strength as the foliage will 

 not then be hurt. 



