126 Second Report on Economic Zoology. 



" Til any iiiensiires taken to stop the annoyance caused by these 

 tlies.il would bo well to use cieolin : in the crude form it is very 

 cheap, and its ettects are more lasting than any other substance that 

 can be employed on a large scale. It should be spraye<l over the 

 refuse-heaps twice at intervals of a few days. 



" It will probably act not only as a repellent of the Hies ami so 

 stop them depositing their ova, but will destroy the liiiva' it comes 

 in contact with." 



G R U P E. 



SUB-GROUr A. ANIMALS WHICH CAUSE BODILY INJURY 

 OR DISEASE TO MAX'S STOCK OF DOMESTICATED 

 ANIMALS. 



Ox Warble Flies. 



{HijpoLhDiui liiuata, Mllers, and If. boris, de Geer.) 



The following information was sent to the Board concerning Ox 

 Warble Flies :— 



" For some time past the Ox Warble Fly has been recognised as a 

 serious pest in Great Britain. The enormous losses, estimated by 

 Miss Ormerod at £700,000 per annum in some years, have been now 

 much reduced, owing to the measures taken by farmers and graziers. 



" The exact amount of loss cannot be gauged ; but it still must be 

 considerable, judging from the number of ' Warliled ' beasts one sees 

 in some parts of Great Britain. 



" The Warble Fly that was supposed to occasion all this loss was 

 said to be the Hypodernia bovis of de Geer. Although this species 

 occurs in this country, it is not the chief culprit. The commoner 

 Hi/podertna is undoubtedly 7/. lineata, Villers, and from observations 

 made during the past year the greatest amount of damage seems to 

 be done by this species ; in some districts entirely by it, but in others 

 both may occur in the same beast. In most collections we tind 

 lineata and not hov'is, and most (94 per cent.) of the larvie examined 

 by me during tlip past few years have proved to be that species. 



*' //. burU (U>es not occur in America, at least, it has not so far 

 been recorded. Probably it occurs in smoll numbers ; at least, it will 

 be strange to tind that one has been introduced and not the other, for 



