146 Second Report on Economic Zoology. 



Eegarding the insect enemies in imported Portuguese apples the 

 following communication was sent to the Board : — 



" It would be advisable to have samples of Lisbon apples attacked 

 by maggots examined, as it is not known what pests attack the apple 

 in Portugal. 



The pests may prove to be one of the fruit-eating Trijpctidic 

 I believe the Merliterranean Fruit Fly {Haltcrophora capitata, Wied.), 

 so abundant in the Azores, now and then attacks apples as well as 

 oranges and green peaches. " The maggots in Lisbon apples might 

 be this or the American Trypda 'pomonella." 



Samples of Portuguese apples were received and examined. Only 

 two of one parcel of apples imported from Portugal were found to 

 have been infested by maggot (exclusiAC of one previously opened). 

 There is no doubt that the work was done by the Codling Moth 

 ( Carpocapsa poiiwnella). 



Subsequent investigations showed the CV»dling M(jth to be the 

 pest, and in many samples the maggots were very common. American 

 and Canadian apples were also found to be badly attacked. 



Insect damage to Apple Trees. 



Some apple trees referred to by a correspondent at Kyrewood, 

 Tenbury, Worcestershire, were found to be suffering from the 

 combined attack of (1) Apple Sucker {Psylla mali) and (2) Winter 

 Moth larvie {Cheimatohia hrumata), and (3) to a small extent from 

 the ravages of larvae belonging to the Tortricidie. 



The latter may, however, be left out of consideration in this 

 instance, as they only accounted for a very small percentage of the 

 damage. 



The attack of Apple Sucker is often the cause of the blossom 

 dying off; this was certainly the chief culprit in the sample of 

 Warner's King and other sorts of apples damaged at Kyrewood. 

 The leafage of these was also devoured by Winter Moth larva\ 



Eight acres of Ecklinvilles were also attacked by both pests, but 

 amongst them Winter Moth seemed to be the chief culprit. 



The Golden Noble is attacked almost exclusively by the Apple 

 Sucker. This latter pest seems to be very abundant this season, and 

 has appeared at Wye in great numbers where it was previously quite 

 a rare species. The attack seems to be very general over the south 

 and west of England. 



The enquirer was informed that he should spray at once with, iirst, 



