158 Second Report on Ecotioniic Zoology. 



with straw or dry muss upside down, either iipou the yrouud or upon 

 stakes ; in the latter case the straw must be tied in. They may be 

 caught on rose trees, dahlias, etc., as mentioned by Mr. Whitehead, 

 by placing pots, bottom upwards, on sticks, close to the flowers, tilled 

 with hay. These traps must be frequently examined during the 

 day-time and the insects collected and destroyed. 



They may frequently be taken in large numbers by placing pots 

 filled also with hay along window sills. Fruit placed in these traps 

 is advisable. 



They may be lessened by destroying those that hibernate in the 

 winter. This can be done by examining the rough bark of any trees 

 in the gardens, and killing the insects, and by Ijuming all rubbish in 

 which they are found to winter. 



Fruit trees against walls should have the cloth used for 

 fastening remo^'ed and burnt, as they are often found in such places 

 during the cold part of the year. Walls much damaged by nail holes 

 harbour numbers ; these can only be destroyed by pointing the 

 brickwork before the insects come out in the spring. 



The only substance likely to destroy Earwigs in the cracks and 

 crevices in which they shelter is pure paraffin. 



There do not seem to have been any experiments in connection 

 with this subject. 



Springtails on the Roots of Cauliflower 

 and Celery. 



Some Aptera sent by Colonel 1\. 0. Lloyd, of Trefigarne Hall, 

 Pembrokeshire, that were damaging the roots of cauliflowers and 

 celery belonged to the genus Lipura. 



These insects frequently swarm in the ground, especially in 

 cucumber frames and hot-beds. They attack the roots of almost 

 all yjlants. Carrots may i'requently be found covered with them, 

 especially when suflering from "rust." Celery also is severely 

 attacked, especially when other insects have mined the outer bleached 

 stalks. These Lipura and other species and genera of Collcmhola 

 feed upon the sound tissue of plants just as much as where the 

 plants are diseased. Little is known regarding the economy of this 

 Lipura— iXmy breed in the soil, however, aiul the young forms 

 resemble the adults. They are always most abundant in damp soil 

 and in wet seasons. 



Soot and lime worked into the soil with a prong hoe has been 

 found beneficial in attacks of this and allied si)ecies of Colkinlmla. 



