344 -^'EW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



surface of the abdomen. Three segments project beyond tlie tips of the 

 wing- pads. 



The grub is a stout, brown headed, white larva about 3 s incli hmg. 

 The tips of the mouth parts and adjacent sutures are dark brown or black. 

 The most ])rominent characteristic of this grub is the group of seven dark, 

 chitinous spines on the horny anal plate. They are arranged as follows: 

 an anterior transverse row of three, two wider apart l^ehind and between 

 these latter twi>, two others, one in front of the other [tig. 66]. 



Life history. Ihe life history of this insect has received considerable 

 attrnlion at the hands of I )r Hopkins who states that hibernating adults 

 commence to fly in the latitude of Morgantnwn W". \'a., as early as A]). 20 

 and that all have emerged by May 10. Beetles from hibernating pupae 

 and larvae emerge later. He records an instance when this beetle appeared 

 in immense swarms soon after emerging from winter quarters and states 

 that many were attracted b)- recently painted buildings and furniture shops, 

 freshly sawed pine, lumber, etc., by the odor of turpentine. 



Dr Hopkins states that this insect prefers to enter the bark of dying 

 trees or the stumps of recently felled ones and that it will attack healthy 

 trees only when it has no more favorable conditions. He finds that it 

 shows a decided preference for the living bark at the base of trees and 

 stumps and even the e.xposed roots, in which it excavates broad galleries. 



It rarely l:)reeds in the bark of logs. I )r Hopkins states that the 

 primary gallery is usually extended longitudinalh' both al)ove and below 

 the main entrance, seldom in a lateral direction, though th(_' secondar\' or 

 drainage galleries ma)- do so. Along the sides of the main or secondary 

 galleries 20 to 40 eggs are placed in a mass antl when the larvae emerge 

 they proceed in a body to feed on the bark before them, wi irking side by 

 siilc. Plate 5S, figure 4, illustrate-s a primary gallery of this species aiul 

 sliows how the walls have Ijeen preserved by the inhltrating pitch. 1 he 

 )-oung grubs were working from one side of this gallery and hatl eaten out 

 an irregular area of considerable size. 



Dr Hopkins states that the first co^o^ depositing period extends through 



