INSECTS AFFECTINC; PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



353 



sta_sjc of tliis insect's work is shown at ])Iat(' 57, figure 2, which rei)rcsents 

 a [lortion of a female gallery together with a great nian\- \<ry irregular 

 lar\al mines, se\'eral pupal cells aiul a few exit holes. This insect and its 

 relatives may cause considerable injury to the inner hark without an\- very 

 percejitible exterior signs. Plate 57, hgin'e i, re|)resents a portion of pine 

 bark, the inner surface of which has been badly mined b\- this borer. The 

 early work of this species is shown on plate 5S, figure i, 2. 



The work of this species in the thinneT bark of the midtlle portion of 

 a )oung pine is wh'U shown on plate 59, figure 1, 2. Thi; view of the inner 

 aspect of the bark | fig. 2] shows the galleries of the Tomicus ver\- plainly 

 indeed and also the broader shallow workings of young .Monohammus 

 larvae. A great number of exit holes are rejjresented in figure i 1)\' the 

 light spots. Both of these illustrations were taken with a light background, 

 consequently the exit holes appear as white spots. 



l)r Fitch has noticed this insect and he 

 states that the adult burrows have some resem- 

 blance to the fingers of a luind spread apart or 

 to the track of a bird, in that they diverge from 

 a common center and run up and down the trc^e. 

 He states that this insect may l)e found under 

 the bark of old white pines. 



Prof. A. i ). Hopkins records this species as 

 exceedingl)" common in the bark of white pine 

 in West \'irginia and observes that it attacks all other kinds of pine in 

 that .State. He has also found it in both the larch and black spruce, but 

 not so commonly as in the pine. In .Ma\ and June 1S97 he found it cjuite 

 common excavating v.i;;^^ galleries in the living bark of black spruce and 

 his observations led him to conclude that under favorable conditions it 

 might prove a very cU-structive enem\- of this tree. 



Preventive measures. Methods of service in controlling the preceding 

 species will also prove valuable in checking this borer. 



FiK. 71 Middle libi.-ic: (i"-T o m i c u * 

 piiii; /■ -T, c a c 1 .1 t ii s ; t'--T. c .1 c o- 

 g r ;( p li u s ^origiiiall 



