INSECTS AFI-I-;CTI.\(; PARK AND WOODLANIJ TREES 36 1 



with l>y ill" wrilcr in halsani, sjjnicc, hard and white ])inc's, and in not a few 

 instances they were alnnichmt enoui^di to cause consitlerable injury and 

 materially reduce the market value of tlu; Io.lCS. This species, when numer- 

 ous, also appears able to exist in livintj trees. The writer found a number 

 of these j^rul)s Oct. i6, iqoi at Balh-on-Hudson, workins^ in livinL,^ a])])ar- 

 ently healthy l)ark and with the point of injury indicated by wormlike 

 masses of pitch, showing; conclusively that the i,frul)s were operatini.,^ i,i 

 lixiUi^ tissues. Vhv. tree imde-r obst-r\ation was apiiarenlly nr)t infested by 

 an\' other insect and it ap[iears probable that the beetles must have bred in 

 larj^e nunil)ers in nearb\- dc-cayini.,r, dead or dyin^,'- trees and then, because of 

 the lack of more suilabh; conditions, attacked this li\inL,r white pine. 

 Another case was observed tlurinir the same summer where the '""rubs of 

 this species were workinj^ in what appeared to be healthy pines and their 

 operations weri; to be ol)served here anel there over a considerable propor- 

 tion of larye trunks. It is remarkal)le how cjuickly this species infests a 

 dyin<.; tree, and in not a few other cases have we been led to question 

 whether the Monohammus larvae may not have followe'il the work of other 

 species ver\' clcjseh', e\en if its attack was not coincident with theirs. 



Ear'y history. This species was noticed in some detail b\ l)r bitch 

 under the name of Monohammus not at us I)rur\-. He characterizes 

 it, M. marmoratus Rand, and M. scutellatus .Sa\- as the most 

 common and pernicious borers of pine timber in Xew York. He states 

 that felled pine timber allowed to remain in the forest through the summer 

 months is likely to suffer much injury Irom these borers, and adds that they 

 invariably make their e.xit from the wood on its upper side, and, as the holes 

 from which they issue ailmit wattr, tin- timber decays rapidh". 



This insect was noticed in 1877 b\' Rev. C J. .S. Bethune who states 

 that it is very generally destructi\e throughout Canada and the Northern 

 states, often lieing excessively abundant in ])ine regions. He cites Mr K. 

 Billings to the effect that he once saw a ])ine tree near Lake Clear, Renfrew 

 county, on which he calculated there were at least 300 individuals of this 

 species, while many others were flying about in all directions. Dr James 



