INSF.CTS Al FErriNT, I'ARK AND WOODLAND TKEES 375 



bark borer occurred in the liinljs of a dyint,' wliitc pine at Saranac Inn, 

 Aut;. 19. All sta;^"cs were [jrcsent and ihoii^h lh(; tree was not excessively 

 infested, it ma)' |)ossibl\- have had a hand in its death, as its burrows 

 were found aloni;' the entire length oi the tree. It was associated with 

 T o ni i c u s 1) a 1 s a m e u s Lee. another specii-s of I'ityogcnes, 1 lypoph- 

 loeus and a Chalcid. Idle two latter were not determined. 



This inst'ct was also met with .Sep. i S, iqoo, at l!alh-on-Hudson, where 

 it was borini; the dead limbs of white pine in which were found larvae, 

 pupae antl ailults. This tree had also been attacked !>}• Tomicus 

 c a 1 1 i y ra p h u s Cierm. The borinj^s of this species form a rather larye 

 irregular central chamber with 3 to 4 or 5 primary or ei^i^- g-alleries divcro- 

 inij, sometimes obliquely and sometimes at right angles to the wood til)ers. 

 In one case noticed, several larval galleries originated from the central 

 chamber, showing that the eggs in at least one instance, were deposited in 

 littK- notches in its wall. The primary or egg galleries are from about i 

 to lyi inches in length, anc' from them arise the slender, somewhat tf)rtuous 

 larval galleries, which latter may attain a length of about i 'j inches | pi. 63, 

 fi""- 5 I- Pupation occurs at the tip of the mine in a slightly enlarged ctdl 

 which is sometimes excavated in the sapwood. The beetles emerge there- 

 from through \ertical exit holes. 



Balsam bark borer 

 ToniicHS balsamcns Lee. 



r.:ilsani trees witli red tO!)S may fret|uently be observed in the .Vdirond.irk region and 

 a close examination may show that a small lirownish or nearly black beetle about -'/ji inch 

 in length is working in large numbers in the inner bark. 



The balsam is one of the handsomest trees in the Adirondack region 

 and forms a very characteristic feature of the landscape. It is not.arspecially 

 valuable tree Init as a subject of insect attack, it is of interest. Many 

 healthy balsamtrees have probably been killed by this borer though it also 

 works in diseased or sickly trees and hastens their death by its operations. 

 AfTected balsams may easily be detected at a distance by their reddened 

 tops though this sign does not invariably indicate the presence of borers. 



