IN.SKCTS Al--Fi:tTl.\G I'AKK AM) WOOULWU TKKICS 3<S5 



destroyed by birds, ami in many cases a i^n-eatcr jiroporlion liad perislied 

 from lliis cause. He statc:s thai the arctic ihrcr-toeil and l)andt'd three- 

 toed woodpeckers render liy tar the greater service and probaljh' do lht:ir 

 principal feedini;" durin:^' winter on this l)ark borer. 



Remedial measures. 1 )r I lojjkins atKises rei^ulating winter cutlint,'' >')f 

 trees so as to include as nian_\- of the infested, dxin^c and ilrad ones as 

 possible and then placin;^^ the loi^s from the same- in water before the first 

 of June. lie also ad\ises arran^dntj;- the summer cuttiuL; so that as many 

 recently attacked trees as possible ma\' be cut and the bark removed from 

 their trunks and stumps. He suggests, in badl\- infested areas where 

 logging operations will or can be conducted the following summer and 

 winter, girdling a large number of trees early in [unc. These girdled trees 

 are for the purpose of attracting the borers, and if felled later and either 

 peeled or placed in tht! water before the first of the succeeding June, a 

 large jirojjortion of the insects will be destro\'ed. His experiments in 

 girdling indicate' that the best lime lor this is when Uk- llowers (calkins) 

 arc falling from the: birch, and while the llowering or bird cherr\- antl the 

 hobblebush are in bloom. The girdled trees should be sound and healllu' 

 and not less than 15 inches in diameter. Tlu; best method of girdling 

 seems to be hacking through tlu; bark with an axe into the sapwood and 

 around the trunk two or three feet above the base. 



The dead spruce remains sound ior some tiiiK; ami is xaluable for l)ulp 

 wood at least, for a considerable period. It should be cut and utilizeel as 

 rapidly as ])ossible, ami the same is true of mature living timber in sections 

 where the beetle is at all abundant. 



Bibliography 



1S76 Peck, C. H. .Ml). Ins. Trans. 8:294-501 



1879 \. V. State Mus. Xat. Hist. 28th Rc|>"l, ]). 32-38 



1879 X. V. State .Mils. Xat. Hist. 3otli Ri|>'t, p. 23-26 



1890 Packard, A. S. V. S. Knt. Coin. 5tli Rcp't, i>. 81 1-22 (Portions relate to this 



-pr, ,r.| 



1901 Hopkins, A. D. U S. Hep't .Agric. Div. Knt. I'.ul. 28, p. 1-48 



