IXSKCTS AIKKCTIXG I'AUK AND WUODI.ANU TKKKS 389 



The o;allfrics of this insect are very characterislic and may be dislin- 

 anisheil from those of T o ni i c u s halsameus Lee. wiiich works m 

 balsam, ami may therefore be met with in the same forest, by the fact that 

 the wood is rarely scored by the galleries of the sj^riice infesting sjjecies, 

 while the balsam borer freiiuently cuts nearly half of the diameter of the 

 primarv u-aller\- from the sai)Wood. The t^u-neral character of these (gal- 

 leries is well shown in thi- accomi)anyin-- illustration whlcii rejjresents the 

 central chamber, the transverse primary or c<^ii ualleries di vermin- there- 

 from, tOL,fether with a number of small dilating; mines of the younj^r. It 

 will be observed that the larval mines Ije^in as very slentler l)orint,^s which 

 wiilen i,n-aduall\- and end in a somewhat broatler pupal cell which is some- 

 times excavated partly in the sajiwood. Several of the eg-.<i chambers may 



also be seen. 



Distribution. 1 )r Hopkins states that this species is evidently widctly 

 distributed over North America and tlovdilless occurs where its food tree is 

 indigenous. It has been recorded from New Hampshire to Alaska, and 

 Georgia, and in West X'irgiiiia it appears to be contined to the Canadian 

 life zone of the sprvice area, since it has never l)een met with in cultivated 

 spruce or in other life zones. 



Associated insects. Or lIo|)kins records having found the following 

 species associated with this insect in si)ruce : 1 1 o m a 1 o t a species, \\ a j) t o- 

 linus longicei)s I-"abr., Paromalus bistriatus V.v.. V. d i f f i- 

 ci I is Horn, Kpu ra<a iruncatella Mann., 11 \ p o p h 1 o i- u s paral- 

 lel us M(tlsh, and II. ihoracicus Melsh, and a Tenebrionid larva. 

 He also obtained a Dipterous larvae from the galh-ries of this borer. 



Natural enemies. The following pn-daceous insects were observed by 

 Dr llojjkins either in association with this l)orer or preying on it: 1 h a n- 

 asimus trifasciatus Say, T. dub ins I'abr., Phyllobaenus 

 d i s 1 o c a t u s Say, and a Clerid larva. 



The following parasites were reared b\- Dr Hopkins from this species 

 or collected by him from infested logs or trees: Spat hi us clari- 

 pennis Ashm., Caenophanes pityophthori Ashm., Cosmo- 



