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NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



posterior third of each \vina- cover. The beetle is also somewhat mottled 

 with white on the sides and leys. The snout is rather lono;; and stout and 

 the legs somewhat so, as represented at i)late 19, ti^un/ 7. 



The creamy white ])Upa is about the same length as the beetle and in 

 recently transformed imlividuals is nearly uniform in color, except for the 

 dark brown eyes and tlie brownish tips t)f the mamliljles. As the pupa ages 

 tile coloration begins to ajjpear, and in rather old pupae the snout may be 

 reddish brown, and the legs show traces of color. The tip of the last 

 abdominal segment is ornamented with a pair of rather slender, curved 

 spines. 



The grub is a white, footless creature, varying in size according to the 

 .sta<'-e of development. The bark of the infested twig may ha\'e all of the 

 inner bark and a portion of the sapwood reduced to r decaying mass of 

 Ijorings. The pupal cells in the example before us are entirely within the 

 wood, nearly '4 inch in length and set somewhat obli([uely to the axis of 

 the twig-. There is a channel which is [lacked with borings leading 

 obliquely from the pupal cell to the cavity under the bark | pi. ig, fig. 6]. 



Life history. The lift- histor\- of this insect has l)een studi(;d by a 

 number of entomologists, and it may be summarized as follows. The 

 beetles occur most abundanth' in early spring, antl it is |M-obable that most 

 of the eggs are deposited in the leading shoots at this time. Dr Fitch 

 tates that the female places her eggs in the bark of the topmost shoots of 

 the tree, dropping one in a ]ilace at irregular intervals throughout its length, 

 and that the worm or grub after hatching, eats its way inward and obliquely 

 tlownward till it reaches the i)ith in which it burrows for a short distance, 

 the whole length of its track being about y. inch long. 



It frequentiv hap|)ens that so many eggs are placed on a shoot as to 

 limit very closeb' the portion occLipied by each grub, and therefore some of 

 them are compelled lo burrow in the wood outside of thi- [Mth, in order to 

 avoid interfering with those nearb\'. When the)- are so close to each other 

 that the burrow cannot be continued to its norma! length, the larvae feed 

 on the walls of their galleries, and thus obtain the necessary nourishment. 



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