424 



XEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



pupates on one side exposed to the air. He adtls that there are sometimes 

 two larvae in a yall, one on each side of the leaf. The cocoons are 

 described by him as pale, oval and covered with pitch which exudes from 

 the buds of the tree. They were found May 20. At maturity the pupa 

 wrio-crles partly out of the cocoon and throuj^h the adhering pitch, per- 

 mitting the fly to emerge readily from the projecting case. 



Life history. The life history of the species has been summarized by 

 Dr Packard as follows : 



The eggs are probably laid at the base of the needles early in May 

 and possibfy the preceding autumn or the larva may winter in this gall, 

 though this does not appear probable. They pupate at the base of 

 terminal buds, spin silken cocoons about the middle or tlie third week of 

 May and the tly probably appears in the early part or the middle of 

 June and deposits eggs which give rise to the brood we have found 

 in September. 



He finds that a large percentage of the insects are destroyed by a 

 Chalcid parasite. The insect was under our observation during several 

 years and July 27, 1901, very small larvae were met with in affected 

 needles. On the 20t]i of the following June a few deformed needles were 

 found among the old foliage, young larvae were to be seen and flies were 

 bred July 23. These latter, however, were possibly adults of C e c i d o m y i a 

 re si ni col a Osten-Sacken, to which this species has been referred by 

 Kertesz. The great difference in larval habits leads us to question the 

 correctness of this synonymy and for the present we prefer to treat it as a 

 distinct species. 



The work of this insect was again observed July 15, of the same year, 

 at which time the malformation was well developed in new grown needles. 

 It will be seen that our observations substantiate in a general way the life 

 history as outlined by Dr Packard. 



Description. The following description of the larva and female is that 

 given by Dr Packard : 



Larva. Deep orange in color, with the " breast-bone " retractile. The 

 lateral swollen region of the body is well marked, convex, and the segments 

 are short, quite convex. 



