INSECTS AFFECTING I'AKK ANU WOODLAND TREES 547 



one on cacli wrinkle, tipped with whitish or pink and extendinj,^ alon^; the 

 abdo-.iinal segments. The two posterior thoracic segments are each orna- 

 mentetl with a pair of straiglit tuherculated horns, a line of granulations 

 connecting them. Seven oblique stripes of whitish granulations occur on 

 each side, each reaching from one segment across the following and onto 

 the third, the last stripe extending to the caudal horn. The parent insect 

 is a magnificent sphin.x moth with a wing expanse of about 5 inches. The 

 fore wings are broad with a large, distinct, round discal spot, light brown 

 and variously marked with dark brown. The abdomen is marked with a 

 narrow, black, dorsal line, a crenulate black, subdorsal line and a somewhat 

 broken, black, lateral line. 



Spring canker worm 

 Paleacrita 'c'criiata I'eck 



Dark striped measuring worms about an inch long, defoliate apple and elm trees in 

 early si)ring. 



This species is a well known apple pest in New England and intlicts 

 considerabU; loss in certain portions of New York .State. Its original food 

 plant is the elm, and occasionally it is somewhat injurious to this, though 

 most of the injury in later years has been in apijle orchards. The fall 

 canker worm, A n i s o p t e r y .\ pometaria Harr., is a closely allied 

 form possessing similar habits except that the adult is more likely to 

 emerge and deposit its eggs in the fall, whereas the spring canker worm 

 docs not usually appear till very early spring. The eggs of lK)th hatch 

 about the time the litaves begin to ajjpear, and where the ])est is at all 

 abundant defoliation (piickK- follows. The caterpillars complete their 

 growth, forsake the tree and transform to pupae in the soil. This makes 

 it possible to take advantage of the wingless condition of the female and 

 injury can be prevented by employing a sticky band in early spring or fall 

 as the case may be, or by thorough spraying with an arsenical poison. 



