INSECTS AKFPXTINC; PARK AND \V(JOULA.\ 1) TREES 5^3 



incision made by tlie insect would ileal over and cause little after-damage,- 

 but the ct)mbinati()n of the two incisions and the icillinj^^ of the intervcnintj 

 bark causes it to adhere to the wood and a large scar is produced, which 

 with subsecjuent \ears' growth assumes an oval form, the dead bark of the 

 center breaking out. Limbs wiiich have been thickly worked bv the insect 

 become very scal)by a!id rough, are easily broken off by the wind, and are 

 ver\- liable to attack by wood-boring insects. The adults apjjcar abont the 

 middle of Jul\- and become most numerous during .\ugust and .September. 

 They begin o\i|>osition ai)i)ut the middle of the former month, or even 

 earlier, and continue till they are kilUrd by the frost of earlv winter, some- 

 times working as late as the end of October. The number of eggs 

 deposited by a single female e.xceeds loo, and possiblv 200. The eggs 

 remain unchangeti or dormant in the twigs till the following spring, 

 hatching in May or earl\- in [une. 



Food plants. TIk' young as well as the adults feed on all sorts of suc- 

 culent vegetation, such as weeds and garden vegetables, aiul are ap]>arently 

 not particularly fond of the apple, much j)referring the more succulent 

 annual plants. Mr J. (i. Jack states that he has found the adults feeding 

 on the young lender shoots of the ajjple near the groimd, though I)r Mar- 

 latt states that after careful and repeated obser\'ations in an orchard, so 

 badly infested as to be nearly ruiiK'd, he faileil to find any indication of the 

 insects feeding on the apple, and he concludes that the infestation that 

 Mr jack obser\ed must relate to the suckers springing from the base of 

 the tree. 



Distribution. This insect has evidentl\- a very general distribution in 

 the United States, since it has been recordetl from Canada, southward to 

 Missouri, at least, and westward to the Rocky mountains. 



Bibliography 

 1897 Marlatt, C. L. U. S. Dep't Agnr. Du. Km. ( ir. 2;, :d s. 



