68 FLTES. 



taking them in large divisions according to their 

 habits, as well as their aiopearance. 



We have glanced at the habits of the Gnat-like 

 Flies in their attacks to Corn and pastures, &c., and 

 at what we may describe as food-crop and manure- 

 feeding Flies, and have seen that many of these Crop 

 Flies are alike in the habit of going through all their 

 changes or conditions — egg, maggot, pupa, and fly — 

 quickly in summer (so that there may be two or more 

 generations) ; and that the pupee of the last autumn 

 brood often lie (if we will allow them) safely, and un- 

 injured by cold or common ?i mount of moisture, during 

 winter, so long as they are in their own natural 

 shelters ; and in the case of these insects we know 

 where they are all the year ronnd. 



But besides these, there are some kinds of Corn Fliea 

 of which (in regular course) there is a winter brood 

 and a summer brood; the summer brood feeding in 

 maggot state in the ear, or on the upper part of the stalk 

 of Barley, "Wheat, or Oats as the case maybe; and the 

 winter brood living in maggot condition in the heart 

 of the young plant. To keep these attacks in check 

 we need to know where both the winter and the sum- 

 mer attack is to be found, and this is just what is not 

 the case regarding our knowledge of the habits, in this 

 country, of the Gout Fly, which is often very injurious 

 to Barley, and the Frit Fly, which is sometimes very 

 injurious to the young Oat plants. In the first case 

 we need to know the common n-iuter locality; in the 

 second, that of the summer brood. 



The small striped Yellow Kibbon-footed Corn Fly 

 (Chlorops tceniojms), sometimes known as the Gout 

 Fly, lays its eggs on the growing Barley stem, at or 

 near the base of the ear, and the maggot eats a furrow 

 down the stem to the first knot. Consequently the 

 growth becomes diseased or stunted, the ear often does 

 not develop, and remains in its swelled sheath, and 

 within the sheath tbe maggot turns to a reddish brown 

 pupa ; and when the Barley has been stacked the 



