ox WAEBLE FLY. 71 



condition immediately below the hide is shown ; and 

 the kind of false skin which has formed over the upper 

 part of the perforation, and prevents proper healing 

 (and consequently damages the hide for trade pur- 

 poses), is also shown. 



Fig. 59 shows the under surface of a piece of hide 

 in which the Warble maggots are as yet very far from 

 full grown, but still it gives some idea what the state 

 of things would be when each of the maggot-swellings 

 was twice, or more than twice, the size iigured ; but it 

 does not at all convey the diseased state of the under 

 side of the hide caused by the cells full of putrid 

 matter and the inflammation. 



WJicre tltis is severe, the condition of the surface 

 of the carcase beneath known as " licked beef" or 

 " butchers' jelly," is to be found, which is a very 

 serious drain on the health, condition and quality of 

 the animal ; thus well described by Mr. C. E. Pearson, 

 wholesale butcher, Sheffield: — "I may say that the 

 effect of Warbles on the carcase is more serious than 

 can possibly be imagined by the outside appearance of 



the beast The carcase of beef assumes a nasty 



yellow colour, and also a soft flabby appearance on 

 the outside rind of the beast (where the Warble has 

 been in operation), so much so that the carcase has 

 in some cases to be pared down to the flesh to make 

 the appearance of the animal at all presentable for the 

 market, causing thereby a grievous amount of loss to 

 the butcher. I am speaking from practical experi- 

 ence, killing on an average twenty beasts or more a 

 week." 



On applying to Mr. Hy. Thompson, M.E.C.Y.S., of 

 Aspatria, Cumberland, who has long devoted much 

 attention to warble attack, for an exact description of 

 the damage, he replied : — " What causes the damaged 

 meat or beef is the chronic inflammation set up by the 

 Warbles in the skin, which extends to the connective 

 tissues, thence to the flesh, producing the straw- 

 coloured jelly-like appearance of a newly slaughtered 



