90 BEETLES. 



horticola), 3, 4, 5, Fig. 74 (of which the grub does 

 much harm in pasture land), together with another 

 much rarer kind, the A. agricola ; also the Common 

 Cockchafer, the Great Golden Chafer, and others which, 

 in this country, feed, in the beetle state, on leaves of 

 trees, or within flowers, and as grubs on the roots of 

 grass, corn, or other ground crops, as well as trees ; 

 and, in the colonies, on the roots of Coffee and Sugar- 

 cane, and altogether cause most serious loss. 



The Beetles are generally to be known by having a 

 club of several leaves on their horns, such as the fan- 

 like end that we see to the horn of the Cockchafer ; and 



Fig. 76. — Club of male, with seven leaves ; club of female, with six 

 leaves, magnified. 



the grubs are large (sometimes as thick as the finger) 

 and fleshy, with the end of the tail curved downwards 

 and enlarged, as if it was swollen, so that the grub 

 usually lies on its side. By this swollen tail and 

 arched shape, and also by having three pairs of longish 

 legs and strong jaws, you may commonly know the 

 Chafer grubs. (See Fig. 6, p. 7.) 



The habits of different kinds of Chafers vary in such 

 matters, as the depth to which the grubs bury them- 

 selves, or at which they turn to chrysalids, the length 

 of time they pass in these two states, and also the time 

 of day, or evening, when the Beetles are at rest, which 

 is a very important point in regard to getting rid of 

 them ; but the life-history of the Common Cockchafer 

 gives a good general idea of that of the kinds that we 

 are most troubled by. (For figure in three stages, see 

 p. 80.) 



These Beetles appear in early summer, and feed on 

 leafage of many kinds of trees. The females lay their 



