110 



BEETLES. 



The maggot does not care for cold. It will mend 

 its earthen case if it is broken ; and even if it is buried 

 by the galls on the Cabbage stalks being dug in, it 

 appears to thrive as well as if they were still growing. 

 Therefore, it is a great object to get rid of all nurseries 



Fig. 86. — Turnip Gall Weevil and maggot, nat. size and magnified. 



Leg of Weevil, magnified. Turnip Galls. 



of future attack by burning or otherwise destroying 

 old stems with galls, instead of throwing them to a 

 rubbish-heap or digging them in ; and a change of 

 crop is useful, by presenting food that they cannot 

 eat, or find useful to lay eggs in, to the Gall Weevils 

 that may be waiting in the ground. 



These Gall attacks are not very injurious in them- 

 selves, but in the case of Cabbage they are often found 

 in connection with Club. They do not directly cause 

 it. The two attacks are quite different, one l3eing a 

 diseased growth set up from insect attack, the other 

 a diseased growth from presence of a fungus, scientifi- 

 cally the Plasmodiophora hrassicce, popularly a slime- 

 fungus. This fungus exists in the soil, and when 

 established is very difticult to be got rid of, and re- 

 mains of infested roots, that is. Cabbage roots with 

 "club," or Turnip roots with "anbury," propagate 

 it largely.* One great preventive of recurrence of 



* When the series of Lectures, of which this little volume is a 

 republication, were given by myself, in 1883, the fact of "club" and 

 " anbury" being originated by fungoid presence was not, so far as I 

 am aware, generally known in this country. A very good chapter on 



