WINTER MOTH. 137 



paper-kuife, is a convenient implement for spreading 

 it with, and common cart-grease answers well as a 

 cheap and effective application. Even, however, 

 where the tree is protected, some care must be exer- 

 cised in the choice of "sticky" mixture selected, as 

 some of the materials sold under the name of " axle- 

 grease" contain petroleum residue, animal grease, or 

 other components, which, like tar, would have very 

 undesirable effects, if (as I have myself seen to hap- 

 pen) they should soak through the supposed grease- 

 proof paper to the bark. 



The above treatment does much good, but does not 

 answer perfectly, for the following reason. Though 

 the great body of these moths come out from the 

 middle of October to December, this period by no 

 means includes the whole appearance. We find them 

 still at the end of January, and the later 

 brood may be found coming up towards 

 the end of winter; and at the end of 

 March another kind of Moth, with wing- 

 less females, namely, the Anisopteryx 

 (escularia, or "March Moth," wliich lays 

 its eggs in bands embedded in down on 

 the twigs, is (or very likely is) also pre- Tt^^i' \^e' 



sent. . ^ . . of March Moth. 



All this sufficiently accounts for sticky 

 banding not being wholly reliable as a preventive of 

 infestation of the wingless moths. To be reliably 

 effective the application must be repeated and repeated 

 again, till the aggregate cost is no trifle ; and there is 

 the further point to be considered that, bad as the 

 attacks of the looper caterpillars of these wingless 

 moths are, there are other kinds of orchard moths of 

 which the attacks come on the wing, or in some 

 manner which cannot be in any way prevented by 

 applications solely calculated to stop attacks coming, 

 on foot, up the trunks of the trees. 



There are many kinds of these moths. The female 

 of the Orgyia antiqua, or Common Vapourer Moth, is 



