138 



BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



wingless ; but as she does not leave the outside (or the 

 very near neighbourhood) of the cocoon spun on the 



Fig. 109. — Orgyia antiqua : caterpillar (after Tascheuberg) ; male 

 moth ; female moth, with abortive wings. 



tree by the caterpillar before its change to chrysalis, . 



and on or near which she lays her eggs (see Fig. 110), . 



this attack cannot be stopped by banding. The cater- 

 pillars are very destructive, and 

 may easily be distinguished by 

 3^9 the tufts of yellowish or brownish 

 hair on the back, and the long 

 bunches of dark pin-headed hairs 

 at the head, sides, and near the 

 tip of the tail. The general colour 

 is dark grey, spotted with small 

 red tubercles. 



The nest-making caterpillars 

 show another form of attack. Of 

 these, two kinds are especially 

 troublesome in orchards. One 

 is the Small White Ermine, of 

 which the moths are only about 

 three-quarters of an inch in ex- 

 panse of the fore wings, and are 

 usually livid or whitish, dotted 

 with black, and the hind wings 

 livid or lead-colour. 



Fig. 110.— Cocoon of 0. 

 antiqua, covered with eggs 



