SURFACE CATERPILLARS. 



141 



cases, of various kinds of treatment, which it was 

 hoped might be of use in lessening this yearly amount 

 of loss ; but, so far as the results of experiments were 

 recorded, they have been of little public benefit. 



Fig. 111.- 



-Heart and Dart Moth : caterpillar, and chrysalis in 

 earth-cell. 



Another very important division (taken agriculturally) 

 is that of the surface caterpillars, so-called from their 

 injurious operations being for the most part carried 

 on near the surface of the ground. 



Fig. 112. — Turnip Moth or Common Dart Moth : 1, moth ; 

 2, caterpillar. 



The family of Moths to which these belong is termed 

 Noctuidce, from the circumstance of many of them 

 flying chiefly at night or in the dusk. The Heart and 



