APPLE SAWFLY. 155 



caterpillar having a greater number of sucker-feet be- 

 neath the body, that is, six pairs (see Fig. 119), which, 

 with the pair at the end of the tail, and the three 

 pairs of claw-feet, make in all twenty. There is the 

 further characteristic of the caterpillars possessing 

 a most unpleasant bug-like smell. Thus they may be 

 distinguished from the Codlin Moth caterpillar, the 

 larva of the Cai-pocapsa jyomonella. 



With regard to methods of prevention ; in the case 

 of either of the attacks it is desirable to gather up and 

 destroy prematurely fallen Apples, which from their 

 bored and injured state show that they have fallen 

 from caterpillar presence within, and may therefore 

 very likely be then infested. But beyond this, the 

 chief means of j)revention are on quite different prin- 

 ciples. The Codlin Moth caterpillar (to a great extent), 

 after leaving the little Apples, creeps up tbe trees, and 

 changes to the chrysalis state in crevices of the bark. 

 The Sawfly caterpillar, on the contrary, goes down into 

 the ground to form its cocoons. It is therefore need- 

 less to point out that any amount of scraping, washing, 

 and cleaning the bark is merely money thrown away, 

 if all the wbile the enemies against whom these opera- 

 tions are directed are lying from two to six inches 

 under the surface of the neighbouring ground. 



The Turnip Sawfly {Athalia spinarum) sometimes 

 causes overwhelming mischief ; but this is not a regular 

 yearly attack, by reason of rotation of crops ; and also 

 because in regular course of autumn cultivation the 

 cocoons are thrown up, or buried beneath their natural 

 resting-places. 



The progress of the injury is very rapid. The 

 bright orange Sawflies lay their eggs in slits sawn in 

 the leaves. One female will lay over two hundred 

 eggs. The eggs hatch in about five days ; the time 

 varies with the state of the weather ; if warm and 

 favourable, they will hatch sooner. The twenty-two- 

 footed grubs are greenish at first, then black, then 

 slaty, and are full-grown in about three weeks, during 



