168 SAWFLIES, ICHNKUMON-FLIES, WASPS, ETC. 



the Fleas, the Beetles, the Moths, and the Sawflies 

 and Parasite Flies — have for the most part a regular 

 shape for the grub, chrysalis, and perfect insect, by 

 which you may know them from those of other orders. 

 You may know a Fly-grub, chrysalis, and perfect Fly, 

 with certainty, from a Beetle-grub, chrysalis, and 

 perfect Beetle. We have seen that the grubs may be 

 known for the most part by the absence, or by the 

 number, of feet or sucker-feet ; the chrysalids by 

 being in cases, or in a skin of thin cement, or by the 

 limbs being visible ; and the perfect insects are easily 

 known. There is a difficulty about some of the 

 chrysalids of the Wasp tribe resembling the Beetles, 

 but this is rather a scientific than a practical matter, 

 for the place you find them in often shows what they 

 are. 



The remainder of the orders of insects which we 

 have to consider are much more easily known, because 

 from the time they begin their life they are so like 

 the parent insect in everything, excepting the absence 

 of wings, that they commonly go by the same name. 



